Peptide and the Endocrine System

Hormones

Produced by endocrine or ductless glands, are released directly into the blood and are involved in eliciting responses by specific body organs and tissues

• Steroidal

• Derived from amino acids

Hormones are classified into 2:

• Chemical transmitter of selective stimuli between various endocrine glands and specific body organs and tissues

How do hormones work?

• Penetration to the cell membrane

• Directly induce changes in membrane permeability for ions, glucose, amino acids, etc.

• Induce the production of a secondary messenger

Hormone mechanism

• Feedback mechanisms

  • Negative feedback

  • Positive feedback

• Hypothalamus mediated

Regulatory mechanisms

• Negative feedback (Common)

• Positive feedback

2 types of Feedback mechanism:

Feedback mechanism

Regulatory mechanisms: Responds to change in concentration of some substances in the blood.

Hypothalamus-mediated

Regulatory mechanisms: Involves external stimuli

• central hormones make hormones to stimulate peripheral organs

• Peripheral organs make end hormones

• if high end hormones is detected, it stops central hormones from producing more hormone that stimulates peripheral organs

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• Hypothalamus = releaseing hormone

• Releasing hormone targets Pituitary glands

• Pituitary glands = stimulating hormones

• stimulating hormones target Target organ releasing End hormones

• High end hormons = inhibit releasing hormone secretion from hypothalamus

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• you get the main point bro

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Women experiencing menstrual cycle

Positive feedback commonly happens with who?

• excess end hormones signal central hormone to produce more hormones

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• Hypothalamus = releasing hromone

• Pituitary = Tropic hormone (FSH)

• Adrenal Cortex/ Gonads = End hormones

• Excess end hormones = Stimulation of Anterior pituitary

• Stimulation of Anterior pituitary = Luteinizing hormone

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Endocrine system

Is the collection of glands that produce hormone that regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, mood and among other things.

Hyperfunction

Excessive activity of your endocrine system is termed as?

Hypofunction

Diminished activity of your endocrine system is termed as?

• Disease

• Hormonal imbalance

Excessive or diminished activity of your Endocrine system causes what?

• Excessive activity (Hyper function)

• Diminished activity (Hypo function)

Disturbance in the function of Endocrine system may take the form of:

• Adrenal glands

• Thyroid glands

• Pituitary glands

• Pancreas

• Parathyroid hormone + Calcitonin

• Gastrointestinal Hormone

Endocrine System is composed of what glands:

• Posterior Pituitary gland

• Anterior Pituitary gland

Pituitary Gland is composed of: