Chemistry 30s - Final Exam

Chemical Reactions and Solutions

Naming Compounds

Ionic: ends with -ide, no prefixes
Covalent: ends with -ide, uses prefixes, none at start if = 1

H⁺ and negative ion name

Hydro _ic acid

H⁺ and _ate salt name

_ic acid

H⁺ and _ite salt name

_ous acid

H⁺ and hypo_ite name

hypo_ous acid

H⁺ and per_ate name

per_ic acid

Types of Reactions

Synthesis, Decomposition, Single Displacement, Double Displacement, Neutralisation, Combustion

Mole formula

n=m/M number of moles = sample mass/Molar mass

Particle formula

P=n(6.022×10²³) Particles = moles(Avogadro’s number)

Volume formula

n=V/22.4L moles=volume/22.4L

Stoichiometry Factor Label

Using fractions equivalent to 1 to convert units. Starting Value New x Unit/Old Unit

Limiting Reagents

Finding the highest amount of product you can make with a given amount of reactants. Find excess by subtracting the total reactant by how much is used.

Percent Composition

Assume you have 100g of a substance and convert each type to mols. Divide by smaller # to get the ratio and empirical formula.

Percent Yield

Calculating how much of a substance you can make through stoich - Theoretical. Divide the given result by the calculated result to get %yield. Experimental/Theoretical