NURS 220 - Online Module #2

Erythropoiesis

formations of RBCs

Erythrocyte

Red Blood Cell

Thrombocyte

Platelet

Bone Marrow

where RBCs are formed

Erythropoietin

hormone that stimulate RBC production

Spleen

where RBCs are destroyed

Lab test - Reticulocyte Count

The number of immature erythrocytes in the blood

Lab test - Hematocrit (Hct)

The percentage of blood volume composed of red blood cells

Lab test - Folate

Necessary for erythrocyte production

Lab test - Iron

Necessary for hemoglobin production

Lab test - Peripheral Blood Smear

Examination of RBC size, shape, and color using a microscope

Lab test - Hemoglobin (Hgb)

Oxygen-carrying protein of erythrocytes

Lab test - Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC)

Availability of iron-binding protein in circulation

Lab test - Transferrin

Protein needed for iron transport

clinical presentation - Hemolytic Anemic

Hemturia

clinical presentation - Chronic renal failure

oliguria

clinical presentation - Sickle cell crisis

extreme pain

clinical presentation - B12

mood changes

clinical presentation - Aplastic Anemia

bruising and amp; risk for infection

clinical presentation - Chronic iron deficiency anemia

koiilonychias

clinical presentation - Polycythemia

pruritis

clinical presentation - folic acid deficiency anemia

ulcerations on oral mucosa

Primary or Secondary Polycythemia - Typically caused by chronic hypoxia

secondary polycythemia

Primary or Secondary Polycythemia - may be caused by autoimmune response

primary polycythemia

Primary or Secondary Polycythemia - adaptation mechanism

secondary polycythemia

Primary or Secondary Polycythemia - functional bone marro responds to high levels of erythropoietin

Secondary Polycythemia

Primary or Secondary Polycythemia - dysfunctional bone marro overproduces all cell types (RBCs, WBCs, & PLTs)

Primary Polycythemia

Primary or Secondary Polycythemia - Risk for abnormal blood clot formation d/t excessive PLT production

Primary Polycythemia

Antacids

neutralize acid secretions

Proton Pump Inhibitors

temporary block all gastric acid secretions; shut down

H2 Receptor antagonists

reduce HCL secretions form parietal cells

Cannabinoids

Often used for anorexia associated with weight loss in AIDS patients and those receiving chemo and radiation therapy

Serotonin Blockers

Commonly used for patients receiving chemotherapy and for postoperative nausea and vomiting

Prokinetics

Stimulate peristalsis and enhance gastric emptying

Anticholinergics

Typically used to prevent motion sickness

T or F: Pain occurring when the stomach is empty is a common symptom associated with GERD.

False

T or F: A common, easily treatable cause of peptic ulcer disease is H. pylori infection.

True

When working with an individual diagnosed with chronic dysphagia, maintaining aspiration precautions is an essential intervention for 

a. preventing pneumonia.

b. preventing constipation.

c. improving appetite.

d. preventing dyspepsia.

a. preventing pneumonia

All of the following conditions is associated with risk for upper GI bleed, except

a. peptic ulcer disease.

b. dumping syndrome.

c. Mallory-Weiss syndrome.

d. esophageal varices.

b. dumping syndrome

Probiotics

Supply missing bacteria to the microbiome to aid in suppressing the growth of diarrhea-causing organisms

Adsorbents

Bind to causative bacteria or toxin, which is then eliminated through the stool

Antimotility agents

Decrease peristalsis, allowing more time for water and electrolytes to be absorbed

intestinal stimulants

increase peristalsis via nerve stimulation

Hyperosmotics

Increase fecal water content and increase peristalsis

Emollients

Lubricate fecal material and intestinal walls

T or F: Irritable bowel syndrome is associated with irregular, uncoordinated smooth muscle spasms in random portions of the colon.  

True

T or F: An appendectomy should be performed at the earliest signs and symptoms of appendicitis.

False

T or F: Diverticulosis is a chronic inflammation of the tunica mucosa in the colon.

False

T or F: In both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, signs and symptoms may include diarrhea, bloody stool, lower abdominal pain, and fever.

True

T or F: An individual diagnosed with celiac disease might still be able to consume regular amounts of gluten without risk of permanent damage to the intestine as long as symptoms are mild and manageable. 

False