demography

Changes in womens positions

Reason for changes in birth rate

• legal equality with men

• Increased educational opputunities

• More women in paid employment

Decline in the infant mortality rate

Reason for change in birth rates

• improved housing and sanitation

• Better nutrition

• Better knowledge of hygiene

Child centredness

Reasons for change in birth rates

• in terms of family size this has encouraged a shift from quantity to quality- parents now have fewer children and lavish more attention

The family - impact of change in fertility and birth rates

Smaller famillies mean that women are more likly to be free to go out to work this creating the dual earner couple.

Dependency ratio- impact of changes in fertility and birth rate

The relationship between size of working and non working population.

Earnings and taxes of working population must support dependent population.

= fewer babies born so fewer young adults and smaller working population so burden dependency may increase

One person pensioner housholds

Impact of aging population of society

• number of pensioners living alone has increased and they now account for 15% or one in 7 households

• - most are females as they usually live longer