AP Human Geography - Industrial & Economic Development Patterns

Flashcards summarizing key terms and definitions from the AP Human Geography course on industrial and economic development.

Industrial Revolution

A period of rapid industrial growth that began in the late 18th century, characterized by technological innovation and social changes.

Core, Semiperiphery, Periphery

Classifications of countries or regions based on their economic development and role in the global economy.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

A monetary measure that represents the market value of all final goods and services produced in a country during a specific time period.

Human Development Index (HDI)

A composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, used to rank countries into human development tiers.

Gender Inequality Index (GII)

A measure of gender disparity focusing on reproductive health, empowerment, and labor-market participation.

Comparative Advantage

The ability of a country to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost than another country.

Microloans

Small loans provided to individuals or groups, usually in developing countries, to promote entrepreneurship and economic development.

Neoliberalism

An economic philosophy promoting free-market capitalism, deregulation, and reduction in government spending.

Deindustrialization

The decline of industrial activity in a region or economy, often leading to job losses and economic restructuring.

Ecotourism

Sustainable travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people.

Outsourcing

The practice of hiring external firms to handle specific business functions, which can lead to job losses in the originating country.

Just-In-Time Delivery

A production strategy that strives to improve a business's return on investment by reducing in-process inventory and associated carrying costs.

Sustainable Development

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.