HIST 304 Final Heineman CSU S26

Tyche

Greek goddess of luck/fortune, both positive and negative, responsible for unexplainable events (flood, drought, frost, etc.) unpredictability

Chaereas and Callirhoe

Major Greek novel, romantic melodrama

Olympias

Wife of Philip II, mother of Alexander the Great: intimidated her husband, presided over Macedon court, antagonist of Antipater, retained power after Alexander's death

Roxanne

Bactrian princess; wife of Alexander the Great

Antye

Hellenistic female poet, more work of hers survives than any other woman except Sappho

Polygamy

Kings of Macedon are polygamous, stronger mother/son relationship, Macedonian queens become ambitions and ruthless

The Greek Novel

- Long prose narrative that describes fictional characters and events, sequential story

- Assumes high levels of literacy

- Popular, nonintellectual

- Suggests elite readers

- Valorization of female heroine

Patronage

System of sponsorship from a wealthy individual/institution would support someone of lower class in exchange for services/loyalty

Female portraiture

Served to commemorate elite women, idealized beauty/grace, representative more of their roles/qualities than physical attributes

Canon of female poets

Reveal female experience of love and myth

Lamia

"(female) devourer"

- Moral archetype who had killed her own children, eats other people's kids, boogey monster

Medea

sorceress or enchantress; from Medea who helped Jason and the Argonauts capture the Golden Fleece; known for her revenge against Jason when he spurned her for the princess of Corinth

Hetairai, Hetaerae

High-class Greek prostitute, only women allowed at Symposium, educated, courtesans, controlled their own finances

Pornai

Bottom ranks of working women, usually slaves or foreign, "red-light" districts, pimps took portion of their profits

Pharmaka

Drug and/or spells

Leno

Pimp, brothel keeper, managed prostitutes

Circe

First appearance of a witch in Greek literature, beautiful woman, seductress and temptress, daughter of the Sun, magical archetypes (wand, herbs, turns people into pigs)

Canidia

Love witch, seems to have been real, pharmacist of perfume-maker, in poem she is an evil witch, kidnapped young boy and was going to kill him

Erichtho

"super witch" from Thessaly (land of sorcery)

- combination or culmination of all former witches

- Minor daemon, not responsible for human or divine law, necromancy

Symposium

Gathering of educated men to discuss educated topics (debate, philosophy, music, dance), lots of drinking and eating

Brothels

Had to pay tax, worked long hours, nor just sex but manufacturing, poor conditions, low life expectancy

Manumission

Freedmen or freedwomen are not citizens, could marry and their children could be citizens, only granted freedom with some sort of way to support themselves

- small plot of land, husband, loyal to the master, often gained considerable wealth

Magic

Common, used for healing and influencing daily life

Love spells

Intense rituals designed to bind, attract, or force affection

Tanaquil

Etruscan queen of Rome, wife to Tarquinius, prophetic, politically ambitious, "power behind the throne"

Lucretia

Raped by Sextus Tarquinius, son of the Roman king, stabbed herself rather than live with the shame, her death inspired rebellion in Rome that established the republic, catalyst for Roman liberty

Sabine Women

Women stolen from local trives to provide wives for first Roman men

Manus marriage

Wife is placed under legal control (hand/manus) of her husband by her father, effectively becomes his property and loses claim to inheritance from her father

Sine manu marriage

Wife remains under authority of her father, allows women to retain property, separate finances, initiate divorce

Domus

Private, single family home in Rome for wealthy elite

Paterfamilias

the head of the family or household in Roman law -always male- and the only member to have full legal rights. This person had absolute power over his family, which extended to life and death

Cives

Citizens who held legal status (right to vote, hold office, receive legal protections)

Marriage, Roman Republic

Tool used to create social and political alliances between families

Twelve tables

Foundational legislation of Roman Republic, first written publicly displayed legal code, helped protect plebeian rights against patrician abuse

Divorce, Roman Republic

Relativley easy, initiated by fathers, husbands, sometimes wives, major concern = return of dowry, children remained with fathers, often for political or personal reasons

Cornelia

Ideal Roman wife and mother, model of virtue and education in the Roman Republic

Etruscans

First rulers of Roman Republic and Empire; Laid the foundation for Rome and Roman civilization

Sui iuris

"Of his own law, her own person". Roman term for an individual, especially female, emancipated woman, not restricted by the usual laws or customs

Dido

Queen of Carthage, lover of Aeneas in Aeneid, parallels to Circe and Medea, attempts to bind him with love magic, doesn't work so she kills herself

Livia

Wife of Augustus, she was suspected of poisoning several family members, including Augustus himself, mother of Tiberius

Pudicitia

Modesty, chastity, sexual virtue, pillar of female morality, defines woman's honor through modesty, marital fidelity, restraint

Messalina

Wife of Claudius, very bad reputation, first woman to take part in triumph, symbol of depravity in Roman society, adulteress

Augustus and Julia

Julia is Augustus' only child, mother to his heirs, wife of Marcus Agrippa, Augustus' military genius

Ovid

a poet who wrote about Roman mythology, Metamorphoses, undermining moral legislation?

Vergil's Aeneid

Latin epic about a trojan hero Aeneas, describes the land of the dead, in honor of Augustus, epic story of Rome's foundation

Agrippina the Younger

wife who poisoned Claudius after her son Nero was declared heir and who was then put to death by Nero

Agrippina the Elder

Daughter of Julia, began plotting to get her children to become Tiberius' successor. Involved in the death of Drusus.

Adultery, Imperial Rome

Augustus declared a public offense only in women, paterfamilias permitted to kill her

Hippocratic Corpus

Extensive medical writings produced by the followers of Hippocrates, in which diseases are regarded as natural phenomena

Hysteria

Cognate of uterus, misalignment of the womb, root of female illness, any number of symptoms

Satyraisis

Acute and painful erection, likely some kind of STI, can appear in women as well (itching), not treated in women

Diotima

The Mantinean seer who leads Socrates into the mysteries of Eros or Love in Plato's Symposium, priestess

Hypatia

First known female scientist, expanded knowledge of mathematics and astronomy

Hipparchia of Maroneia

Greek woman philosopher, one of the only ones, lived and taught philosophy in the public sphere, cynic

Theano

Pythagorean philosopher, worked in physics, medicine, astronomy, math

Agnodice

First recorded woman to be a doctor and midwife. Trained in Egypt but returned to Athens to practice. Dressed as a man to practice medicine

Plato, Republic

An ideal state / philosopher King, supports social system, directly addresses complaints about women's differences