Hn Chemistry - U4C2 Lewis Structures

*updated for final

octet rule

states the tendency of atoms to prefer to have eight valence electrons

exception 1

incomplete octet: really small atoms tend to break the octet rule (ex. B and Be)

exception 2

odd-electron molecules: molecules with an odd number of electrons are not able to satisfy the octet rule without gaining additional electrons (ex. P)

exception 3

expanded octet: the third energy level (third period) is able to hold eighteen electrons (ex. P)

valence electrons

electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom (valence shell)

resonance

bonding in molecules or ions that cannot be correctly represented by a single lewis structure