HHP 210: Module 4 - Lecture 1

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Last updated 5:02 PM on 4/30/26
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What is the function of the heart?

Pump blood to lungs and body

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Where is the location of the heart?

  • Mediastinum: middle of chest

  • 2nd and 6th intercostal spaces

  • Apex: left and anterior

  • Base: superior and posterior

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What is the fibrous pericardium?

Outside sac of dense connective tissue

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What is the serous pericardium?

Two layers

  • Parietal: fibrous pericardium

  • Visceral: heart muscle

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Layers of the heart? outer to inner

  1. Epicardium: visceral serous pericardium

  2. Myocardium: muscle

  3. Endocardium: epithelium and connective tissue

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Chambers of the Heart? Auricles, trabecula carnae, and papillary muscles

Atria: right and left

  • Receive blood

  • Thin walls

  • Auricles: increase atrial volume, located at the top of each ventricle

Ventricle: right and left

  • Pump blood

  • Thick walls

  • Trabecula carnae: improve blood flow and contraction

  • Papillary muscles: proper closure of both valves

<p>Atria: right and left</p><ul><li><p>Receive blood</p></li><li><p>Thin walls</p></li><li><p>Auricles: increase atrial volume, located at the top of each ventricle</p></li></ul><p>Ventricle: right and left</p><ul><li><p>Pump blood</p></li><li><p>Thick walls</p></li><li><p>Trabecula carnae: improve blood flow and contraction</p></li><li><p>Papillary muscles: proper closure of both valves</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Septums of the heart

Division of left and right sides

  • Interventricular

  • Interatrial

<p>Division of left and right sides</p><ul><li><p>Interventricular</p></li><li><p>Interatrial</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Fossa ovalis?

Hole during fetus that allowed blood to pass

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Major Vessels: Veins - to heart

Brings blood back to the heart

  • Right atrium: superior and inferior vena cava

  • Left atrium: right and left pulmonary veins

<p>Brings blood back to the heart</p><ul><li><p>Right atrium: superior and inferior vena cava</p></li><li><p>Left atrium: right and left pulmonary veins</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Major Vessels: Arteries; to lungs vs body; 3 major branches

Carry blood away from the heart

  • To lungs: pulmonary trunk, right & left pulmonary artery

    • Comes from right ventricle

  • To body:

    • Aorta (from left ventricle)

    • Ascending

    • Arch

    • 3 Major Branches

      • Brachiocephalic

        • Right common carotid (superior)

        • Right Subclavian (lateral)

      • Left common carotid

      • Left subclavian

    • Descending: thoracic and abdominal cavity

<p>Carry blood away from the heart</p><ul><li><p>To lungs: pulmonary trunk, right &amp; left pulmonary artery</p><ul><li><p>Comes from right ventricle</p></li></ul></li><li><p>To body:</p><ul><li><p>Aorta (from left ventricle)</p></li><li><p>Ascending</p></li><li><p>Arch</p></li><li><p>3 Major Branches</p><ul><li><p>Brachiocephalic</p><ul><li><p>Right common carotid (superior)</p></li><li><p>Right Subclavian (lateral)</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Left common carotid</p></li><li><p>Left subclavian</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Descending: thoracic and abdominal cavity</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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Heart valves? Atrioventricular valves; chordae tendinae (2)

Prevent blood flow back into atrias, and made of cusps of connective tissues

  • Chordae tendinae: strings attached

  • Papillary muscle: tug and release

Tricuspid: right

Biscuspid/Mitral: left

-When one is open, the other is closed

-Located posterior

<p>Prevent blood flow back into atrias, and made of cusps of connective tissues</p><ul><li><p>Chordae tendinae: strings attached</p></li><li><p>Papillary muscle: tug and release</p></li></ul><p>Tricuspid: right</p><p>Biscuspid/Mitral: left </p><p>-When one is open, the other is closed</p><p>-Located posterior</p>
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Heart valves? Semilunar valves (2)

Pulmonary: prevent blood flow back into right ventricle

Aortic: prevent blood flow back into left ventricle

Tricuspid w/o chordae tendinae

<p>Pulmonary: prevent blood flow back into right ventricle</p><p>Aortic: prevent blood flow back into left ventricle</p><p>Tricuspid w/o chordae tendinae</p><p></p>
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Heart sounds? Systole, diastole, lubb, dubb, average resting heart rate

  • Systole: contracting ventricles

  • Diastole: resting/expanding

  • Lubb: av valves closing

  • Dubb: semilunar valves closing

  • Avg resting heart rate: 40-80bpm

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Order of how blood is pumped through the heart: deoxygenated vs oxygenated

Starting w/ deoxygenated

  1. Superior and inferior vena cava

  2. Right atrium

  3. Tricuspid valve

  4. Right ventricle

  5. Pulmonary valve

  6. Pulmonary artery

  7. Left and right lungs

[now oxygenated]

  1. Left and right pulmonary veins

  2. Left atrium

  3. Bicuspid valve

  4. Left ventricle

  5. Aortic valve

  6. Aorta

  7. To rest of the body

<p>Starting w/ deoxygenated</p><ol><li><p>Superior and inferior vena cava</p></li><li><p>Right atrium</p></li><li><p>Tricuspid valve</p></li><li><p>Right ventricle</p></li><li><p>Pulmonary valve</p></li><li><p>Pulmonary artery</p></li><li><p>Left and right lungs</p></li></ol><p>[now oxygenated]</p><ol start="8"><li><p>Left and right pulmonary veins</p></li><li><p>Left atrium</p></li><li><p>Bicuspid valve</p></li><li><p>Left ventricle</p></li><li><p>Aortic valve</p></li><li><p>Aorta</p></li><li><p>To rest of the body</p></li></ol><p></p>
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Coronary vessels?

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