Design Pottery Art Exam Review

Examination review flashcards covering elements and principles of design, pottery terminology, glass and paper history, and types of textile and wood craftspersons.

Colour

Created by light; colours are tinted, shaded, bright, or dull.

Line

A mark made by a pointed tool.

Shape

A flat, enclosed area with $2$ dimensions (length by width) which can be geometric or organic.

Form

$3D$ objects possessing length, width, and height that take up space and volume.

Texture

Describes the feel of an actual surface, which can be real or implied.

Space

Creates the illusion of depth in a way that is $2D$, $3D$, positive, or negative.

Value

The degree of lightness or darkness, where the difference is known as contrast value.

Contrast/variety

The arrangement of opposite elements to create visual interest.

Emphasis

Gives certain parts of an artwork special importance, also called the focal point.

Movement

How the eye moves over art to create the allusion of action.

Pattern

The repetition of specific elements.

Rhythm

The regular repetition or alternation of an element.

Unity

Every element of a work working together.

Harmony

The use of different but compatible elements.

Balance

The distribution of visual weight, which can be symmetrical or asymmetrical.

Clay

A malleable substance made out of rocks and minerals found under the Earth’s surface.

Coil

Building up walls of rope-like rolls of clay and joining them together.

Slab

A hand-building method in which forms are created by joining flat pieces of clay together.

Mold

Draping rolled clay over a mold or form of choice.

Kiln

A furnace made out of refractory clay materials used for firing ceramics.

Pyrometric cone

A clay piece designed to melt once a desired temperature is reached.

Score

Roughing up edges that are to be joined together with a sharp surface.

Slip

A pasty mixture of diluted clay and water coated on edges to be joined together.

Potter’s wheel

A machine that spins clay as potters work, described as a life-changing invention.

Greenware

Clay that is totally airdried and unfired.

Leatherware

Clay that is slightly rigid but still workable.

Bisque

Clay that has been fired once.

Greek Pottery

Low-firing earthenware developed through math, science, and philosophy that is functional and fashionable.

Chinese Pottery

High-fired clay bodies and glazes including stoneware and porcelain involving classification of effects and skillful kilns.

Stained glass

All coloured or painted glass used in a decorative way.

Base-coasting

Preparing an object with Gesso before starting decorative painting.

Cure

Complete drying involving factors like colour and room temperature.

Double-loading

Placing two colours of paint side by side on a brush.

Palette

A smooth area used to mix and store paints during use.

Soldering iron

A tool used to melt metal alloys to join separate pieces together.

Patina

A chemical used to change the colour of solder or lead frames.

Stylus

A pen-shaped tool used to trace sketches and transfer outlines.

Graphite paper

Reusable paper that copies designs and transfers them to another surface.

Motif

A recurring design used to create a pattern.

Silica

The backbone ingredient of glass.

Soda ash

A flux that facilitates the sand melting process in glassmaking.

Flux

An agent that promotes melting.

Limestone

A stabilizer used to make glass more durable.

Egyptian Glass History

Originated as jewelry.

Roman Glass History

Known for mosaic floors and being the first to use glass as windows for Protestant churches.

Islamic Glass History

Used geometrical and mathematical methods to educate illiterate people on Bible stories.

Louis Comfort Tiffany

Inventor of the copper foil technique that replaced lead channels; developer of opalescent glass.

Copper foil technique

A process where the edges of glass are wrapped with copper foil tape and then soldered.

Oracle bones

Historical recording material where inscriptions on bones recorded questions asked of Gods or divine ancestors.

Stone

Used for historical records like Egyptian obelisks.

Metals

Historical mediums such as bronze, copper, brass, and lead; Roman soldiers engraved their wills on these.

Tree bark

Romans used the inner bark called ‐liber‐ for writing.

Parchment

High quality animal skins used from Classical Greek to Medieval times.

Vellum

Skins from calf, goat, and lamb that retain hair marks.

Papyrus

A fibrous swamp plant from Africa used for papermaking.

Rice paper

Cut from the inner lining of a tree and used in China for sumi painting and calligraphy.

Wasps

The first paper-makers.

Leather artisan

Produces useful and long-lasting products from animal hides.

Weaver

Traditionally works on two-harness looms to create rugs and tapestries.

Quilter

Stitches fabric carefully to create decorative coverings.

Doll maker

Makes figures out of wood, plastic, cloth, or corn cobs.

Basket maker

Creates items from wood, bark, or grass, found in almost every culture.

Book binder

Uses sewing and cutting skills to preserve valuable literature.

Furniture upholsterer

Responsible for the fabric coverings on furniture like chairs and sofas.

Fur designer

Designs materials related to animal pelts.

Fashion designer

Designs clothing such as dresses and tops.

Mannequin decorator

Dresses and poses figures for store displays.

Wax Safety

Never leave melting wax unattended; monitor with a thermometer and do not exceed $250^{\circ}\text{Fahrenheit}$.

Double boiler

A method to melt wax where the pot of wax is never under direct heat.

Furniture restorer

Responsible for refinishing or restoring damaged pieces of furniture.

Violin maker

Creates violins through slow and careful work.

Cabinet maker

Focuses on specific wooden items and works on-site.

Woodburner

A craftsperson who burns images into wood.