Stateboard Esthetics Milady notes Chapters 2-13

Anatomy

the study of the structures of the human boy snd the substances there structures are made of

physiology

study of the functions and activities performed by the body structures, including physical and chemical processes

Histology

Microscopic anatomy, is the study of the structure and composition of tissue

Cells

Basic unit of all living things

protoplasm

colorless, jellylike substance in which nutrients such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, and water are present in the cells of all living things

Organelles

small organs

Abduction

muscles that draw a body part such as a finger, arm , or toes away from the midline of the body or an extremity

absorption

transport of fully digested food into the circulatory system to feed the tissues and cells

accessory nerve

eleventh cranial nerve; a type of motor nerve that controls the motion of the neck and shoulder muscles

adduction

muscles that draw a body part, such as finger, arm, or toe inward toward the median axis of the body or extremity

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

transport chemical energy within cells for metabolism

adipose tissue

a specialized connective tissue considered fat, which gives smoothness and contour to the body and cushions and insulates the body

adrenal glands

glands that are located at the tip of the kidneys assisting in the regulation of metabolism, stress response and blood pressure, and support of immune system health through the generation of specific hormones

aorta

the body’s largest artery, the arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body

arteries

thick walled muscular, flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the capillaries throughout the body

arterioles

small arteries that deliver blood to the capillaries

auricularis muscles

the three muscles of the ear that work together to move the ear upward forward or backward

auriculotemporal nerve

affects the external ear and skin above the temple, up to the top of the skull

autonomic nerve system

abbreviated ANS, the part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary muscles, regulates the actions of the smooth muscles, glands, blood vessel, and heart

belly

the middle part of the muscle

biceps

muscles producing the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm

blood

nutritive fluid circulating through the cardiovascular system to supply oxygen and nutrients to cells and tissues and to remove carbon dioxide and waste from them

blood vessels

tubelike structures that transport blood to and from the heart, and various tissues of the body, including arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins

body systems

groups of body organs acting together to perform one or more function. The human body is composed of 11 major systems

brain

part of the central nervous system contained in the cranium; largest and most complex nerve tissue controls sensation, muscle glandular activity

brain stem

structured that connects the spinal cord to the brain

buccal nerve

affects the muscles of the mouth

buccinator

the thin, flat muscles of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheeks that expels air between the lips, as in when blowing a whistle

capillaries

tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that connects the smaller arteries to the veins. Capillaries bring nutrients to the cells and carry away waste materials

cardiovascular system

body system consisting of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries for the distribution of blood throughout the body

carpus

also known as wrist, flexible joint composed of eight small, irregular bones (carpals), held together by ligaments