mp 2 test

gender most impacted by HIV

female

how poverty affects HIV

more like to get it with no resources or education

how has HIV crisis progressed in the last decade

more education, prevention, counseling, and testing facilities

what happened to US troops in Somalia in 1993

dragged bodies though streets

reason for Persian Gulf War

to quickly liberate Kuwait in a little over a month

Pros and Cons of Shah's policy

pros: modernized country and army/ westernization increased

cons: CIA coup, lost influence

What empire did Turkey replace

Ottoman Empire

What has the state of Turkey been like under President Erdogan?

Sliding towards an authoritarian state

What do Kurds want and why can’t they get it?

they want their own country of “Kurdistan”, but no one will give up their territory

What did Kurds play a large role in doing from 2014-17

working with US in fighting ISIS and taking back territory from Iraq/Syria

Where is Mesopotamia located?

land between the Tigris/Euphrates river

what is the main natural resource in the MidEast?

Oil

What has the largest Christian presence in the MidEast?

The Coptic Christian minority community in Egypt

Middle East inventions

Alphabet, algebra, trig, irrigation

founder, holy city, and language of Christianity

Jesus, Latin, Bethlehem/Jerusalem

founder, holy city, and language of Judaism

Abraham, Hebrew, Jerusalem

founder, holy city, and language of Islamic

Muhammad, Arabic, Mecca/Medina/Jerusalem

Sabbath days/house of worship for Christianity

Sunday, Church

Sabbath days/house of worship for Judaism

Saturday, Synogogue

Sabbath days/house of worship for Islamic

Friday, Mosque

initiation/ code of conduct for Christianity

Baptism, 10 commandments

initiation/ code of conduct for Judaism

Bris, 10 commandments

initiation/ code of conduct for Islamic

1st Pillar (Declaration of Faith), Five Pillars

Chronological order of religions

Judaism, Christianity, Islam

Jewish Diet

Kosher (no meat or dairy)

branches of Judaism (least strict to most strict)

Orthodox, Conservative, Reform

Holiest sight of Judaism

Western Wall (Wailing Wall)

Christians belief on Jesus

only one God, Jesus is the son of God, born from Virgin Mary

What is the New Testament about

Life and teaching of Jesus

what is the trinity

God is the father, son, and holy spirit

three branches of Christianity

Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Protestant

what disagreements cause the “Great Schism”

Western Church believed the Pope was the closest person to God and should lead all Christians, while the Eastern Church did not believe the Pope should have power over them

Islam meaning

Submission to Allah

What is the Hijrah?

Muhammad’s journey to Madina

Why don’t Muslims worship Muhammad?

He is a prophet, not God

What is the Day of Judgment?

The dead are resurrected, and the living and dead are sent to heaven/hell

What is the first Pillar of Islam?

Shahadah - Declaration of Faith

What is the second Pillar of Islam?

Salat- Prayer 5 times a day

What is the third Pillar of Islam?

Zakat - Welfare Contribution (Alms Tax)

What is the fourth Pillar of Islam?

Sawm - fasting during Ramadan

What is the fifth Pillar of Islam?

Hajj - Pilgrimage to Mecca

What issue divided Sunnis and Shiites?

Who would get religious power after Muhammad died

What is the most Shiite dominant country?

Iran

What does diaspora refer to?

Scattering of Jews around the world

Zionism

Idea that Jews deserve homeland in Palestine

Balfour Declaration

In 1917 British declared support for Jew homeland in Palestine

Why were Jews starting to return to Palestine

fled there to escape prosecution

U.N Partition Plan

3 parts: Jew State, Arab State, City Jerusalem under the UN administration

Reason for U.N Partition Plan failing and what happed the following day?

It was rejected by the Arabs, and the next day Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, and Iraq were attacked

Suez Crisis

Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal and barred Israeli shipping in 1956

main result of Six-Day war in 1967

Israeli took over Sinal Peninsula and Gaza Strip, Gold Heights, West Bank, East Jerusalem were “Occupied territories”

What did the PLO do after six day war

launched attacks into Israel

major event that happened in Arab-Israeli conflict

Munich Olympics, Yom Kippur War

terms of Camp David Accords

1. Israel agreed to return Sinai Peninsula to Egypt
2. Egypt recognized existence of Israel

What happened to Anwar Sadat

assassinated by fellow Egyptian that was angry over the deal

Intifada

Palestinian uprising erupted again Israel occupation

Oslo Peace Accords

PLO leaders to work out peace agreements

current leader of the Palestinians

Benjamin Netanyahu

What 2005 agreement did Israel make in regards to the Gaza Strip

Isrealis were removed from their homes

What is Hamas and where are they based

Terrorist Organization in Israel

What is Hezbollah and where are they based

Shiite militant movement in Southern Lebanon

What policy is Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu known for

Abraham Accords

What countries made peace deals with Israel in the Abraham Accords in 2020?

UAE, Bahrain, Sudan, Morocco

How did Kemal Ataturk want to make Turkey different ?

Break away from Islamic government influence and make Turkey modern and secular

What Egyptian leader promoted Pan-Arabism and nationalized the Suez Canal

Gamal Abdel Nassar

What happened after Shah’s rule

he lost influence

What happened to the US embassy in Iran

Seized and took 52 hostages

How did the Iran-Iraq war being and who did the US support

began by Iraq feeing a spread of the Shiite Revolution, US supported Iraq

What is the current status of the Iran nuclear deal

Iran is giving drones to Russia to use against Ukraine

main actions had Mohammed bin Salman taken in Saudi Arabia

yemen civil war, slides with sunni government against Shiite rebels (proxy war)

outcome of Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979

soviets were defeated, withdrew in 1988

why did the US invade Afghanistan in 2001

Taliban refused to turn over bin-ladin

reason for US invade Iraq un 2003

Hussein continued to thwart weapon inspectors, Bush threatened military action Hussein didn’t disarm, Iraq had WMD’s and links to terrorism

What idd intelligence repots conclude after the Iraq war begun

Iraq didn’t have WMD’s and there was not relation between Saddam Hussein and Al- Queda

What was ISIS able to do in 2014

lose all their territory

county “Arab Spring” protests started in

Tunisia

Tunisias status today

democracy

status of leaders in Egypt since Arab Springs

an interim gov was installed and military violently cracked down on protests from Morsi supporters

Who is Muammar Gaddafi and what happened to him

Libya leader, he was captured and killed

Libyas status

power in country remains split

results of Arab Spring in Syria

US forces killed ISIS leader AbuBakr al-Baghadidi in Syria compound

desertification

spread of desert-like conditions have limited agricultural production

natural resources Africa is rich in

gold, diamonds, and oil

notable about Nigeria

largest country member of OPEC

types of African art

rock art, ceremonial sculptures and masks, Zulu beadwork

how societies differ of gender

eldest man leads family women have few rights

how are ancestors viewed

very important

animism

belief that all natural objects have a living soul

major effects of the Africa slave trade

gave Africa contact with the world, profits started by growing, but with industrialization profits became lower

what happened at the Berlin Conference in 80’s

Europeans decided boundaries to divide Africa continent to their desires

only African countries not colonized by Europe and why

Ethiopia (military defended multiple invasions) and Liberia (under US influence)

percentage of people with HIV that live in Africa

68%

What did Somali pirates do

became a threat to international shipping

Who was the Civil War between in Sudan

Arab North, animists and Christians in South

Where was the three year long genocide in Sudan

Darfur

Apartheid in South Africa

Segregation

How was independence negotiated

White Supremacist Nationalist Party

notable about F.W. de Klerk

lifted and on ANC and released Mandela after 27 years in prison

first black leader

Mandela

“Conflict Diamonds”/”Black Diamonds”

illegally sold to fund rebel causes in Sierra Leone