Labour Relations in South Africa: Theme 1

Comprehensive fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering the key concepts, theories, and legal frameworks of Labour Relations in South Africa as presented in the lecture notes.

Labour relations encompasses all aspects of the dynamic and diverse relationship between __________, __________, and the state.

employees, employers

The term "labour relations" has largely replaced "industrial relations," which was traditionally associated with __________ workers in sectors like mining and manufacturing.

blue-collar, unionised

The relationship is governed and facilitated by an intricate system of laws, policies, and procedures, a characteristic known as __________.

Institutionalisation

The concept of labour relations is rooted in the __________, which began in the late 18th century.

Industrial Revolution

Beatrix Potter Webb coined the term __________ in 1891 to describe formal negotiations between employers and worker collectives.

collective bargaining

In the __________ approach, management’s right to make decisions is seen as legitimate and unchallenged, and trade unions are often viewed as subversive outsiders.

Unitarist

The __________ approach is the most widely accepted view and sees conflict as rational and inevitable due to the differing roles of parties.

Pluralist

The Conflict or __________ approach assumes that the owners of production exploit workers by paying them less than the true value of their labour.

Marxist

__________ involved mass production on assembly lines, replacing skilled craftsmen with semi-skilled, specialized workers performing repetitive tasks.

Fordism

Scientific management, promoted by __________, attempted to raise productivity by breaking each job down into component parts.

Frederick Taylor

According to Adam Smith, the "__________" of the market was seen to be working in the best interests of the largest number of workers in the long run.

invisible hand

Karl Marx termed the excess market value of goods produced by workers, beyond the subsistence wage paid to them, as __________.

surplus value

Beatrice and Sydney Webb believed that improving the conditions of the working class could take place by a process of __________ rather than revolution.

evolution (gradualism)

The __________ relationship describes the tripartite interaction between the state, employers, and employees.

secondary employment

Section 213 of the Labour Relations Act (LRA) defines an employee as anyone who works for another person or the state for remuneration, specifically excluding __________.

independent contractors

Under Section 200A of the LRA, a person is presumed to be an employee if they work more than __________ hours per month for three months.

$$40$$

The __________ test is the most widely used by courts to form an overall impression of whether a relationship is employment or contracting.

Dominant Impression

__________ unions organise workers with specific skills or trades, such as electricians or plumbers.

Craft

Trade unions like COSATU, NACTU, FEDUSA, and SAFTU are known as __________.

federations

According to Section 95(8) of the LRA, an organisation may be suspected of not being a genuine trade union if its activities mainly consist of referring cases to the __________ or Labour Court.

CCMA

A union that supports employer interests or weakens independent unions is referred to as a __________ union.

sweetheart

The __________ is a statutory body established in 1994 to serve as a consensus-seeking vehicle for business, labour, and government.

National Economic Development and Labour Council (NEDLAC)

The four key acts foundation to the post-apartheid legislative approach are the LRA, the BCEA, the EEA, and the __________ Act.

Skills Development

In __________ corporatism, conflict is considered undesirable and trade union leaders are often given government positions to ensure their loyalty.

State

The __________ allow non-members to pay a fee for benefiting from union bargaining without requiring them to join the union.

Agency Shop agreements