WHAP mini unit (idk)

stock markets

provided funding for companies, as well as benefits and profits for investors

limited liability companies

offer tax breaks and liability protection for the assets of company personnel and investors

gold standard

worked to protect currency value (prevent inflation) by limiting the amount of printed money to the amount of the gold and silver reserves

Homestead Steel Strike

industrial lockout strike in US against Carnegie Steel

Pullman Railroad Strike

a widespread railroad strike and boycott that disrupted rail traffic in the U.S. Midwest in June–July 1894

John Stuart Mill

former member of the UK parliament — introduced the idea of util — also a feminist

utilitarianism

the society’s duty was to ensure the greatest good for the greatest amount of people

classical liberalism

branch of liberalism that advocates free market and laissez-faire economics and civil liberties under the rule of law — individual autonomy

universal suffrage

Mill believed that it should create law

Mary Wollstonecraft

author of The Vindication of the Rights of Women

Olympes de Gouges

French playwright that advocated for women’s rights; wrote a variation of the French “Declaration of the Rights of Man”

First-wave feminism

noted the hypocrisy of post-Enlightenment state systems beliefs that excluded women from the same basic rights and protections as men

suffragette movement

early 1800s when a minority of men and women began to call for women’s suffrage

Flora Tristan

French writer who suggested that women should model working-class unions to collectively fight for suffrage

Seneca Falls

convention in 1848 that discussed women’s suffrage

Declaration of Sentiments

a document modeled after the Declaration of Independence about women’s suffrage

Karl Marx

father of communism — author of “Communist Manifesto

Friedrich Engels

co-authored the “Communist Manifesto”

Marxism

belief that inequality and mistreatment in the world can be traced to class conflict over private property

proletariat revolution

a revolution that aimed to overthrow the bourgeoisie and seize the means of production by force by the working class

revolutionary phase

proletariat rises up and takes private property by force

socialist phase

proletariat government temporarily controls all private property

communist phase

the elimination of national borders and private property; the means of production are communally shared by all working at their own will

Joseph Stalin

tyrannical communist leader in the Soviet Union

Mao Zedong

tyrannical communist leader in China

Pol Pot

tyrannical communist leader in Cambodia

anarchists

believed that all governments or institutions are inherently oppressive — advocating for the abolition of all state systems in favor of independent communal living

Mikhail Bakunin

proposed the idea of anarchy — a Russian intellectual who witnessed the mistreatment of Poles by Russian Imperial forces and policies

Pres William McKinley assassination

anarchists activity in attempt to sabotage states through violence

The Black Hand

the Balkan anarcho-nationalist group that assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Factory Act of 1833

no child workers under nine years of age

Mines Act of 1842

prohibited all underground work for women and girls, and for boys under 10

New Imperialism

period of colonial expansion in late 19th and early 20th centuries

United Fruit Company

supported Latin American dictators in exchange for benefits such as tax exemption, fertile land, and cheap labor

economic imperialism

use of foreign businesses to bribe or coerce local rulers into collusion

bolt-action rifle

faster reload, more accurate

Quinine

anti-parasite that treats malaria

Scramble for Africa

the invasion, annexation, division, and colonization of most of Africa by seven Western European powers

The Berlin Conference

set up by Otto von Bismark with the intention of peacefully dividing Africa amongst European powers, and setting humanitarian goals

decline of the catholic church

—

decline of the Ottoman Empire

moved to industrialized militaries and economics of Europe instead of empires