Lec 2

Frisson (Musical Chill)

A dopamine-triggered autonomic nervous system response involving goosebumps and an adrenaline rush, recognized by the insula.

Appetitive Phase

The "wanting" or anticipatory phase of reward driven by dopamine.

Consummatory Phase

The "liking" phase of reward where subjective pleasure is experienced.

Satiety Phase

The final phase of the reward cycle associated with learning and terminating intake.

Incentive Salience

The motivational drive or "wanting" to pursue a reward

Hedonic Impact

The subjective pleasure or "liking" derived from a reward, mediated by opioids and endocannabinoids.

Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA)

The major source of dopamine in the brain's reward system.

Nucleus Accumbens (NAcc)

The brain's gateway between motivation and action where "wanting" is converted into motor "doing".

Hedonic Hotspots

Small, concentrated brain regions in the NAcc and cortex that generate pleasure signals.

Sympathetic Mode

The 'Fight or Flight' mode of the ANS driven by the dopaminergic "wanting" system.

Parasympathetic Mode

The 'Rest & Digest' mode of the ANS associated with hedonic "liking" states and peak pleasure.

Wundt Curve

A model showing that hedonic value peaks at a moderate level of arousal potential, between simple/familiar and complex/novel.

Statistical Learning

The auditory system's extraction of transitional probabilities and patterns across repeated musical exposures.

Evaluative Conditioning (EC)

A form of Pavlovian learning where an attitude toward a song changes due to being paired with an emotionally charged stimulus.

Internal Pulse Generation

The process where motor planning regions lock to a musical beat, creating the urge to move.

Multimodal System

The concept that musical memory is durable because it is represented across redundant auditory, motor, limbic, and hippocampal networks.

Dopamine

The chemical trigger for "wanting," anticipation, and the initiation of the musical chill.

Endocannabinoids and Endorphins

The chemical triggers for "liking," euphoria, and the reduction of stress or pain.

Expectancy and Surprise

The psychological mechanisms Salimpoor and Zatorre suggest give music its power to manipulate the reward system.

Texture Thickening

A musical trigger involving an increase in instrumental layers that adds emotional weight and tension.

Auditory-Motor Loop

The active connection between auditory processing and motor centers that occurs even during passive listening.

Prediction Machine

A description of the brain's constant effort to detect patterns and anticipate the next note in a sequence.