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Ports + Protocols
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46 Terms
What is a port?
A virtual entry/exit point used by software applications to exchange information.
What is a protocol?
A set of rules and conventions for data exchange between network devices.
What is the purpose of an IP address?
Directs data to the correct system in a network.
What is a port in networking?
A logical opening identifying specific applications or services on a computer.
What is the port range?
0–65,535
What are well‑known ports?
Ports 0–1,023.
What are registered ports?
Ports 1,024–49,151.
What are ephemeral ports?
Temporary ports 49,152–65,535 used for short‑lived connections.
What does TCP provide?
Reliable delivery, error checking, sequencing, and acknowledgments.
What OSI layer does TCP operate at?
Layer 4 (Transport).
What is the TCP three‑way handshake?
SYN → SYN‑ACK → ACK.
What is windowing?
Flow control that adjusts how much data can be sent at once.
What is UDP used for?
Time‑sensitive transmissions prioritizing speed over reliability.
What OSI layer does UDP operate at?
Layer 4 (Transport).
What is a UDP datagram?
A packet sent without connection setup, containing ports, length, and checksum.
Why is UDP considered “fire and forget”?
It does not track packets or wait for acknowledgments.
What is ICMP used for?
Diagnosing network issues, not data transmission.
What OSI layer does ICMP operate at?
Layer 3 (Network).
What utility uses ICMP?
Ping (tests reachability and measures latency).
What are ICMP message fields?
Type, Code, Checksum.
What port does HTTP use?
Port 80.
What port does HTTPS use?
Port 443.
What is the key difference between HTTP and HTTPS?
HTTPS encrypts data using SSL/TLS; HTTP does not.
What port does SMTP use?
Port 25 (sending email).
What ports does SMTPS use?
Ports 465 or 587.
What port does POP3 use?
Port 110.
What port does POP3S use?
Port 995.
What port does IMAP use?
Port 143.
What port does IMAPS use?
Port 993.
What ports does FTP use?
Port 20 (data), Port 21 (control).
What port does SFTP use?
Port 22.
What port does TFTP use?
Port 69.
What port does SMB use?
Port 445.
What port does SSH use?
Port 22.
What port does Telnet use?
Port 23.
What port does RDP use?
Port 3389.
What port does DNS use?
Port 53 (UDP by default; TCP for large messages).
What ports does DHCP use?
Port 67 (server), Port 68 (client).
What port does Microsoft SQL Server use?
Port 1433.
What port does MySQL use?
Port 3306.
What ports does SNMP use?
Port 161 (polling), Port 162 (traps).
What port does Syslog use?
Port 514 (UDP by default).
What port does NTP use?
Port 123 (UDP).
What ports does SIP use?
Port 5060 (unencrypted), Port 5061 (TLS encrypted).
What port does LDAP use?
Port 389.
What port does LDAPS use?
Port 636