History Final

The controversy surrounding the Wade-Davis Bill and the readmission of Confederate states to the Union demonstrated ...

the deep differences between President Lincoln and Congress

The focus of President Johnson’s plan for Reconstruction...

is to uphold the thirteenth amendment, which abolished slavery; swear loyalty to the Union; and pay off their war debt.

• main goals:

  • ensure stable and subservient labor force

  • whites regain control like days of slavery → to have superiority over black people

• black codes were apart of the presidential reconstruction in an attempt to regulate actives of emancipated black people

• disenfranchised confederates with property over 20,000 but granted pardons in abundance

The main purpose of the Black Codes...

• Regain control over the freed slaves

• Inhibit the freedom of freed slaves

• Prevent black uprisings

• Ensure the continued supply of cheap labor

• Maintain segregation

• Maintain white supremacy

Radical congressional Reconstruction of the South finally ended when...

the last federal troops were removed in 1877

The primary motive for the formation of the Ku Klux Klan...

• white resistance in the South to constitutional and federal legislative attempts to empower blacks politically and challenge white supremacy

One weapon that was used to put Boss Tweed, leader of NY City’s famous Tweed Ring, in jail...

• the cartoons of the political satirist Thomas Nast

The Credit Moblier scandal involved...

• railroad construction kickbacks

One cause of the panic that broke in 1873...

• was the construction of more factories than existing markets would bear.

One result of Republican “hard money” policies...

• the formation of the Greenback Labor party

The presidential elections of the 1870s and 1880s did this...

• aroused great interest among voters

The major problem in the 1876 presidential election centered on...

• centered on the two sets of election returns submitted by Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana

The Compromise of 1877 resulted in...

• resulted in the withdrawal of federal troops from the South

In the 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled...

• that "separate but equal" facilities were constitutional

The person who assassinated President James A. Garfield was...

• Charles Guiteau: deranged, disappointed office seeker.

With the passage of the Pendleton Act, politicians now sought money from...

• politicians now sought money from big corporations

The national government helped fiancé transcontinental railroad construction by providing railroad companies with…

• land grants and loans

Only transcontinental railroad built without government aid…

• Great Northern

Greatest economic consequence of the transcontinental railroad network…

• united the nation into a single, integrated national market → economic boom

• Spurred the industrialization of the post-civil war

• It also enabled movement of people to cities.

US changed to standard time zones when...

• the major rail lines decreed common fixed times so that they could keep schedules and avoid wrecks

2 industries that the transcontinental railroads most expanded were…

• mining and agriculture

Case of Wabash, St. Louis, and Pacific Railroad Company v Illinois, Supreme Court held state legislators could not regulate railroads because...

• railroads were interstate businesses and could not be regulated by any single state

First federal regulatory agency designed to protect the public interest from business combinations was ...

• Interstate Commerce Commission

Single largest source of critical raw material that fueled early American Industrialization was ...

• Mesabi iron range of Minnesota

The American system of mass manufacture of standardized, interchangeable parts provided strong incentives for US capitalists to...

• replace skilled labor with machinery

The major incentive that drove captains of industry to invent machines was ...

• that machines would enable them to replace expensive skilled workers with cheap unskilled workers

The technologies that were improved or invented by Thomas Edison

• the incandescent light bulb

• the phonograph

• the motion picture camera

• improving the telegraph and telephone.

Match each entrepreneur below with the field of enterprise with which he is historically identified.

A. Andrew Carnegie
B. John D. Rockefeller
C. J. Pierpont Morgan

1. interlocking directorate

2. trust
3. vertical integration
4. pool

A-3, B-2, C-1

Match each entrepreneur below with the field of enterprise with which he is historically identified.

A. Andrew Carnegie
B. John D. Rockefeller
C. J. Pierpont Morgan
D. James Duke

1. steel

2. oil

3. tobacco

4. banking

A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3

Carnegie’s system of vertical integration

• combined all facets of an industry, from raw material to final product, within a single company

Rockefeller’s organizational technique of horizontal integration

• forcing small competitors to assign stock to Standard Oil, then consolidating and integrating the operations of the previously competing enterprises, or lose their business

Morgan undermined competition by placing officers of his bank on the boards of supposedly independent companies that he wanted to control is known as ...

• interlocking dictorate

The steel industry owed much to the inventive genius of this person…

• Henry Bessemer

America’s first billion-dollar corporation…

• United States Steel

Oil industry’s first major product…

• kerosene

Oil industry became a huge business...

• with the invention of the internal combustion engine

“Gospel of Wealthy” endorsed by Carnegie held that...

• the wealthy should display moral responsibility in the use of their God-given money

Commonly called “Social Darwinists,” advocates of economic, national, or racial “survival of the fittest” ideas actually drew less on biologist Charles Darwin than on...

• English philosopher Herbert Spencer and Yale professor William Graham Sumner.

Believers in the doctrine of “survival of the fittest,” argued that...

• the wealthy deserved their riches because they had demonstrated greater abilities than the poor.

The Amendment that was helpful to giant corporations when defending themselves against regulation by state governments…

• the fourteenth amendment

The Sherman Anti-Trust Act prohibited...

• private corporations or organizations from engaging in "combinations in restraint of trade."

The Sherman Anti-Trust Act was primarily used to curb the power of...

• labor unions