last 2 modules

What do skeletal muscles do?

Contract to pull bones and create movement

Do muscles push or pull?

Only pull

What happens when a muscle contracts?

The insertion moves toward the origin

What is the origin of a muscle?

Attachment to the more stable bone

What is the insertion of a muscle?

Attachment to the bone that moves

What is the muscle belly?

Thick middle part of the muscle

What is a tendon?

Connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

What is an aponeurosis?

A broad sheet-like tendon

What is an agonist?

Muscle mainly responsible for a movement

What is an antagonist?

Muscle that opposes the agonist

What is a synergist?

Muscle that assists the agonist

What is a fixator?

Muscle that stabilizes a joint

What are ways muscles are named?

Location size shape action fiber direction attachments number of heads

What does maximus mean?

Largest

What does deltoid describe?

Triangle shape

What is flexion?

Bending

What is extension?

Straightening

What is abduction?

Moving away from the body

What is adduction?

Moving toward the body

What is supination?

Palm facing up

What is pronation?

Palm facing down

What does sternocleidomastoid do?

Flexes neck and rotates tilts head

What does trapezius do for the head?

Extends and laterally flexes the neck

What does erector spinae do?

Extends spine and maintains posture

What are erector spinae groups?

Spinalis longissimus iliocostalis

What is the main breathing muscle?

Diaphragm

What do external intercostals do?

Elevate ribs during inhalation

What do internal intercostals do?

Depress ribs during exhalation

What does rectus abdominis do?

Flexes spine and compresses abdomen

What do oblique muscles do?

Flex and rotate trunk

What does transversus abdominis do?

Compresses abdomen only

What does trapezius do at scapula?

Elevates depresses and rotates scapula

What do rhomboids do?

Retract scapula

What does serratus anterior do?

Holds scapula against ribs

What does pectoralis minor do?

Depresses scapula

What does pectoralis major do?

Flexion adduction medial rotation of arm

What does latissimus dorsi do?

Extension adduction medial rotation

What does deltoid do?

Abduction of arm

What is the role of rotator cuff?

Stabilize shoulder and rotate arm

What does supraspinatus do?

Abduction

What does infraspinatus do?

Lateral rotation

What does subscapularis do?

Medial rotation

What does teres minor do?

Lateral rotation and adduction

What does triceps brachii do?

Extends elbow

What does biceps brachii do?

Flexes elbow and supinates forearm

What does brachialis do?

Strong elbow flexion

What are extrinsic hand muscles?

Forearm muscles that move hand via tendons

What are intrinsic hand muscles?

Muscles within the hand for fine movement

What is the iliopsoas?

Main hip flexor

What does gluteus maximus do?

Extends thigh

What do adductors do?

Move thigh toward body

What do hamstrings do?

Flex knee and extend hip

What do quadriceps do?

Extend knee

What is plantar flexion?

Pointing foot downward

Which muscles do plantar flexion?

Gastrocnemius and soleus

What tendon do the gastrocnemius and soleus form to calcanea (heal bone)?

Achilles calcaneal tendon

How do all muscles work together?

They attach to bones cross joints contract (insertion to orgin) to create movement and work in pairs