Electricity

Static Electricity

Caused by extra positive or negative charges building up.

Laws of Charges

Like charges repel, opposite charges attract.

Wet Cell

A battery with liquid inside, having a positive (cathode) and a negative (anode) electrode.

Ohm's Law

R = V ÷ I (Resistance = Voltage ÷ Current).

Basic Circuit Components

Battery (power), wires (path), load (like a bulb), and switch (optional).

Parallel Circuit

More than one path; if one bulb goes out, others stay on; voltage is the same in each path.

Voltage

The measure of electrical potential, measured in Volts (V).

Current

The flow of electric charge, measured in Amps (A).

Resistance

The opposition to the flow of current, measured in Ohms (Ω).

Ground Wire

Sends electricity into the ground if there’s a fault, helping to prevent shock.

Dry Cells

Types of batteries, including alkaline (AA/AAA), lithium, and button cell.

Conductors vs Insulators

Conductors allow electrons to move freely; insulators restrict electron movement.

Variable Resistor

Changes the amount of resistance in a circuit, similar to a dimmer or volume knob.

Series Circuit

A circuit with one path; if one element fails, the entire circuit stops.

Safety Tips for Electricity

Don’t touch plugs with wet hands; don’t overload outlets; use power bars with switches.