The Ionic Model
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22 Terms
Ions
atoms that have gained or lost electrons and have a net charge
Cations
Positively charged ions formed by losing electrons.
Anions
negatively charged ions formed by gaining electrons.
Ions formed with Transition Metals
Form ions with different charges. eg. Fe(II)2+ or Fe(III)+3
Polyatomic Ions
ions that are made of more than one atom
Ionic Bonds
Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
T/F Ionic bonds are formed between metals and non metals
True
Electronegativity difference for Ionic bonds
1.8 or greater
Binary ionic naming rule
Cation + Anion(-ide suffix)
Ionic compounds
a compound composed of positive and negative ions
Structure of giant ionic compounds
Giant 3D Lattice
Factors which effect the strength of electrostatic attraction in ionic compounds
Strength increases with higher charges (+1 < +3) and smaller ionic radii (distance from nucleus to valence shell)
Coordination number of 3D Lattice Structure
Number of anions surrounding cations and vice versa - eg. NaCl 6:6
Volatility of ionic compounds
low (because the strong electrostatic attraction hard to separate the bonds)
Is the melting point of ionic bonds high or low?
High
Can ionic compounds conduct electricity when solid?
No, ionic compounds cannot conduct electricity when solid as ions are fixed in structure and are not free to move.
Under what conditions can ionic compounds conduct electricity?
Ionic compounds can conduct electricity when molten or in aqueous solution as their ions are free to move.
Solubility of ionic compounds
Often soluble in polar solvents like water.
How are ionic compounds dissolved in water?
An ionic compound dissolves if the energy released by water molecules hydrating the ions (hydration energy) exceeds the energy required to break the crystal lattice (lattice energy).
Are ionic compounds strong or brittle?
Brittle - This is because it forces like charges to be together when it is hit with an external force causing a repulsive force and therefore the crystal cracks
lattice enthalpy
The enthalpy change when one mole of an ionic compound is converted to gaseous ions.
"Enthalpy" definition
A measure of the heat energy in a chemical system