Biological approach OCD

What does the Biological Approach focus on in terms of behavior and disorders?

It focuses on physical processes in the body, such as genetic inheritance and neural function.

What do genetic explanations suggest about behavior and certain disorders?

They suggest that behavior and certain disorders can be traced back to our genetic makeup.

Which gene is associated with regulating dopamine levels in people with OCD?

The COMT gene.

What does a mutation in the SERT gene lead to in individuals with OCD?

Lower levels of serotonin, which increases the likelihood of developing OCD.

What does it mean that OCD is described as polygenic?

It means that OCD is not caused by one single gene but involves several genes.

What neurotransmitter is linked to mood regulation and is often low in patients with OCD?

Serotonin.

Which brain structure is involved in processing worry signals and is affected in OCD?

The orbital prefrontal cortex (OFC).

What did Nestadt et al (2010) find in their meta-analysis regarding genetic links to OCD?

MZ twins had a concordance rate of 68%, compared to 31% for DZ twins, suggesting a genetic component to OCD.

How do SSRIs help reduce symptoms of OCD?

By preventing the reabsorption of serotonin, allowing it to remain in the synapse longer.

What is a major strength of drug therapy for treating OCD?

There is clear evidence for the effectiveness of drug therapy in reducing symptoms.

Why do some researchers argue that CBT should be tried before drug therapy for OCD?

Because drugs only treat symptoms rather than the root cause of OCD.

What is a common side effect of SSRIs?

Blurred vision, indigestion, and loss of sex drive.

What do benzodiazepines (BZs) do in the brain to reduce anxiety?

They increase the activity of GABA, which has a calming effect on neurons.

What is the importance of the diathesis-stress model regarding OCD?

It acknowledges that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of OCD.

What do researchers suggest about the role of the caudate nucleus in OCD?

Damage to the caudate nucleus can result in failure to suppress unnecessary 'worry' signals.

What are the two types of antidepressants mentioned for treating OCD?

SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) and SNRIs (Serotonin Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors).

What evidence supports the biological explanation for OCD based on brain imaging?

Menzies (2007) found that OCD patients had reduced grey matter in the OFC.

How long does it typically take for SSRIs to have a noticeable impact on OCD symptoms?

Three to four months of daily use.

What findings did Cromer et al (2007) report regarding traumatic life events and OCD?

Over half of their OCD patients had experienced a traumatic life event.

What is a limitation of drug therapy for OCD regarding its long-term effectiveness?

Patients often relapse within a few weeks after stopping medication.