photosynthesis + cellular respiration - bio exam 3

What is the photosynthesis equation?

6CO2​+6H2​O+light→C6​H12​O6​+6O2​

What is the cellular respiration equation?

C6​H12​O6​+6O2​→6CO2​+6H2​O+ATP

Where does photosynthesis occur?

chloroplasts

Where does cellular respiration occur?

Mitochondria

What is the purpose of photosynthesis?

Stores energy in glucose

What is the purpose of cellular respiration?

Releases energy from glucose

What is the product of photosynthesis?

Glucose

What is the product of cellular respiration?

ATP

Define redox reaction

Reaction involving electron transfer

Name organisms capable of photosynthesis

Plants, algae, some bacteria

Two main steps of photosynthesis

1. Light reactions

2. Calvin cycle

What is the purpose of light reactions?

Make ATP and NADPH

What is the purpose of calvin cycle?

Build sugars

Name the reactants/products of light reactions?

Reactants: light, water

Products: ATP, NADPH, O2

Name the reactants/products of calvin cycle

Reactants: CO2, ATP, NADPH

Products: Sugar

When are sunlight & chlorophyll used?

During light reactions

Electron transport chain in light reactions

Electrons move through proteins, pumping H⁺ ions to create a gradient used to make ATP.

Reverse active transport

Energy from electrons creates a proton gradient against concentration.

When is sugar made?

During Calvin cycle.

How is CO₂ used?

Carbon atoms from CO₂ build glucose.

What is the purpose of cellular respiration?

Produce ATP from glucose.

Define aerobic process

Requires oxygen.

Oxidation

lose electrons

Reduction

gain electrons

Define NADH

Electron carrier that transports high-energy electrons.

Why is energy lost as heat?

Energy transfers are never 100% efficient.

4 main steps of cellular respiration

1. Glycolysis

2. Pyruvate oxidation

3. Citric acid cycle

4. Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis

Where does glycolysis occur?

Cytoplasm

Where does pyruvate oxidation occur?

Mitochondrial matrix

Where does the citric acid cycle occur?

matrix

Where does the Electron Transport Chain occur?

Inner mitochondrial membrane

Which step of cellular respiration produces most ATP?

Electron transport chain.

Where is NADH produced in cellular respiration?

• Glycolysis

• Pyruvate oxidation

• Citric acid cycle

Where is NADH used in cellular respiration?

Electron transport chain.

Which step in cellular respiration requires oxygen?

Electron transport chain.

Define electron transport chain

Series of proteins transferring electrons.

What is ETC made of?

Membrane proteins.

How does ETC create H⁺ concentration?

Uses electron energy to pump protons into intermembrane space.

What fuels ETC?

Electrons from NADH/FADH₂.

Energy source for ATPase

Proton gradient.