Psychopathology Exam 3 Terminology

Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder

Lack of, or significantly reduced, sexual interest/desire and/or physical physiological arousal in females; 6+ month duration.

Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

Persistent deficiency or absence of sexual/erotic thoughts or fantasies and desire for sexual activity in men; 6+ month duration.

Erectile Disorder

Difficulty attaining or maintaining an erection until completion of sexual activity; 6+ month duration.

Premature Ejaculation

Ejaculation occurring within approximately 1 minute of penetration and before the person wishes it.

Delayed Ejaculation

Significant delay in, or absence of, ejaculation despite adequate stimulation.

Female Orgasm Disorder

Delay, absence, or reduced intensity of orgasm in women despite adequate stimulation.

Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder

Fear, anxiety, or physical pain associated with vaginal penetration or the anticipation of it.

Paraphilia

A recurring, intense sexual arousal to non-human objects, suffering, or non-consenting persons.

Paraphilic Disorder

A paraphilia that causes distress/impairment to the individual OR involves harm or risk of harm to others.

Frotteuristic Disorder

Sexual arousal from touching or rubbing against a non-consenting person in public.

Fetishistic Disorder

Sexual arousal from non-living objects or specific non-genital body parts.

Voyeuristic Disorder

Arousal from observing an unsuspecting person who is naked, undressing, or having sex ("Peeping Tom").

Exhibitionistic Disorder

Arousal from exposing one's genitals to an unsuspecting stranger ("Flashing").

Sexual Sadism Disorder

Sexual arousal from the physical or psychological suffering of another person.

Sexual Masochism Disorder

Sexual arousal from being humiliated, beaten, bound, or otherwise made to suffer.

Transvestic Disorder

Sexual arousal from cross-dressing; distinct from gender dysphoria.

Pedophilia

Sexual attraction to prepubescent children (usually age 13 or younger).

Sensate Focus

Treatment for sexual dysfunction involving "nondemand pleasuring" to reduce performance anxiety.

Substance Use

Ingestion of psychoactive substances in moderate amounts that doesn't interfere with functioning.

Substance Intoxication

Physical and mental reaction to a substance (e.g., being drunk or high).

Substance Dependence (Addiction)

Pattern of use defined by the presence of tolerance and withdrawal.

Tolerance

Needing increased amounts of a substance to achieve the same effect.

Withdrawal

Negative physical/psychological response when a substance is stopped after regular use.

Alcohol Use Disorder

Problematic pattern of alcohol use leading to significant impairment and distress.

Opioid Use Disorder

Use of narcotics (heroin, oxy) leading to distress; high risk of fatal overdose.

Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Episodes of acting on aggressive impulses resulting in serious assaults or destruction of property.

Kleptomania

Recurrent failure to resist urges to steal things not needed for personal use or value.

Pyromania

Irresistible urge to set fires to relieve internal tension/arousal.

Gambling Disorder

Recurrent problematic gambling behavior leading to distress; involves increasing money amounts.

Personality

A person's characteristic manner of thinking, feeling, behaving, and relating to others.

Five-Factor Model (OCEAN)

Dimensional personality model: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism.

Cluster A

The "Odd or Eccentric" cluster: Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal.

Cluster B

The "Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic" cluster: Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic.

Cluster C

The "Anxious or Fearful" cluster: Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive.

Paranoid Personality Disorder

Pervasive unjustified distrust and suspicion of others.

Schizoid Personality Disorder

Detachment from social relationships and a limited range of emotions.

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Odd beliefs (magical thinking), unusual behavior, and extreme social isolation.

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Disregard for and violation of the rights of others; lacking empathy/conscience.

Borderline Personality Disorder

Instability in relationships, self-image, and mood; impulsivity and frequent self-harm.

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Excessive emotionality and constant attention-seeking.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Grandiosity, deep need for admiration, and a total lack of empathy.

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to rejection.

Dependent Personality Disorder

Excessive need to be taken care of, leading to submissive/clinging behavior.

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)

Rigid fixation on doing things the "right way"; perfectionism and control.

Positive Symptoms

Active manifestations of abnormal behavior added to personality (Hallucinations, Delusions).

Negative Symptoms

Absence or insufficiency of normal behavior (Avolition, Alogia, Anhedonia).

Delusion

A fixed, false belief that is a misrepresentation of reality.

Hallucination

Sensory experience (hearing voices, seeing things) without any environmental input.

Schizophrenia

Disorder of cognitive/emotional dysfunction; requires 6+ months of symptoms.

Schizophreniform Disorder

Psychotic symptoms lasting at least 1 month but less than 6 months.

Schizoaffective Disorder

Symptoms of Schizophrenia plus a major mood episode (Depression or Mania).

Delusional Disorder

Persistent belief in something not true without other Schizophrenia symptoms.

Brief Psychotic Disorder

Psychotic symptoms lasting at least 1 day but less than 1 month.

ADHD

Pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity interfering with functioning.

Specific Learning Disorder

Academic performance substantially below what is expected for age and IQ.

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Deficits in social communication and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior.

Intellectual Disability

Deficits in intellectual functioning (IQ < 70) and adaptive functioning.

Tourette's Disorder

Presence of both multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic for 1+ year.

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)

Specific therapy developed for Borderline PD focusing on acceptance and change.

HPA Axis

The body's stress response system: Hypothalamus (CRF) -> Pituitary -> Adrenal (Cortisol).

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

The 3 stages of stress response: Alarm, Resistance, and Exhaustion.