Risks of an Inactive Lifestyle

Risk factors

Conditions or behaviours that increase the likelihood of developing a disease

E.g. obesity, lack of exercise, poor diet

Health Risks

The negative consequences or complications that occur if the disease develops

E.g. heart disease, kidney failure, nerve damage, blindness

When does a stroke occur?

When blood flow to the brain is blocked or a blood vessel in the brain bursts

What is Type 2 Diabetes?

A chronic metabolic disorder where the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn't produce enough insulin, leading to high blood sugar levels.

What are causes of Type 2 diabetes?

• Insulin resistance

• Pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin

• Genetic and Lifestyle Factors

Type 1 diabetes characteristics

• Destruction of insulin producing cells of the pancreas

• In young people

• Treated with insulin injections

• Not associated with excessive body weight

Type 2 diabetes characteristics

• Disease of insulin resistance

• In older adults

• Treated through dietary modifications/exercise

• Associated with hypertension, high levels of cholesterol and excess body weight

Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes characteristics

• Imbalance of insulin

• Can be treated by insulin

Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes

• Obesity

• Poor Diet

• Family History

Health Risks of Type 2 Diabetes

• heart disease

• stroke

• nerve damage

What are the benefits of exercise of diabetes prevention:

• regular exercise increases insulin sensitivity

• physical activity helps regulate body weight

• controls blood sugar levels

• improves cardiovascular health

What is Coronary heart disease?

A condition where plaque builds up in the coronary arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart.

What is Obesity?

Excessive body fat increases the risk of diseases

How is obesity measured?

Waist circumference or BMI

Measurements

Underweight: under 18.5

Normal weight: 18.5-24.9

Overweight: 25-29.9

Obese: over 30

What does the energy balance equation state?

Energy intake (food and drink) = energy expenditure (metabolism and activity)

Positive Energy Balance

intake > expenditure = weight gain

Negative Energy Balance

intake < expenditure = weight loss

Neutral Energy Balance

Intake = expenditure = weight maintenance

Why is BMI unreliable?

• doesn’t differentiate between fat and muscle

• ignores fat distribution

• doesn’t account for age, gender or ethnicity

Risk factors of Obesity

• Poor diet

• Physical Inactivity

• Stress

Health Risks of Obesity

• cardiovascular disease

• high blood pressure

• risk of type 2 diabetes

what is osteoporosis?

when bones become weak and brittle, increasing the risks of fractures

When is there the greatest gain in bone mass?

Teenage years

Who is more susceptible to osteoporosis?

Ectomorphy - longer bones that are proportionally less dense

Where does bone adaption only happen?

In areas that experience stress

Risk factors of osteoporosis

• aging

• lack of weight-bearing exercise

• low calcium and vitamin D intake

Health risks of osteoporosis

• decreased bone strength

• poor posture

• loss of mobility

What defines hypertension?

A condition where blood pressure is consistently above normal levels.

Risk Factors of hypertension

• Obesity

• stress

• lack of exercise

Health risks of hypertension

• stroke

• heart disease

• kidney disease

Cardiovascular diseases

What is atherosclerosis?

The hardening of the arteries due to the accumulation of fat and cholesterol.

How can exercise reduce cardiovascular diseases?

By increasing the size of coronary arteries, preventing obesity, and increasing HDL cholesterol concentrations.

Risk factors of cardiovascular disease

• high blood pressure

• smoking

• obesity

health risks of cardiovascular disease

• heart attack

• stroke

• poor blood circulation