exam 4 ch19

Vocabulary terms and definitions covering the anatomy and infectious diseases of the respiratory system from Chapter 19.

Upper respiratory tract

Anatomical region including the frontal sinus, sphenoid sinus, nasal cavity, pharynx, tonsils, epiglottis, and larynx.

Lower respiratory tract

Anatomical region including the trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, and alveoli within the lungs.

Alveoli

The air sacs in the lungs where fluid accumulation occurs during pneumonia syndrome, leading to respiratory failure.

nose & mouth bc its closer to outside of body

What parts of respiratory tract have a large normal flora?

eustachian tube

tube in inner ear that mucus flows in

Acute Otitis Media

Infection characterized by inner ear infection; mucus builds up in inner ear causing pain/fever; usually secondary to other respiratory infections

leading cause of antibiotic prescriptions in children under ages of 5

What is Acute Otitis Media the leading cause of?

1. weaker immune system

2. children are gross

3. shallow eustachian tubes

4. spend large portion of time laying down

What are the top reasons that children are more susceptible to ear infections?

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae

What organisms cause acute otitis media? (2)

The Common Cold

Respiratory infection presenting with sore throat, runny nose, and sneezing; no fever

adenovirus, coronavirus, many others

What organisms are the common colds caused by?

Pharyngitis

Condition involving severe throat pain, swelling with pus, redness, and foul-smelling breath; strep throat

caused by Streptococcus pyogenes

What organism causes pharyngitis?

Scarlet Fever

A condition secondary to pharyngitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, characterized by high fever (107-108), a rash, and a strawberry tongue.

s. pyogenes produces a toxin that gets into blood

What causes scarlett fever?

Pneumonia

A syndrome where fluid fills the alveoli, causing coughing, difficulty breathing, and respiratory failure; caused by many bacteria and viruses; can range from mild to potentially deadly

Whooping Cough

Disease featuring cold symptoms and a paroxysmal cough (prolonged, repeated, violent coughing); prevented by the DTaP vaccine; mostly in infants & children

caused by Bordetella pertussis

What organism is whooping cough caused by

DTaP vaccine

The immunization used to prevent Whooping Cough (Bordetella pertussis).

Tuberculosis

An infection that, in late stages, presents with violent coughing, bloody sputum, weight loss, and night sweats; long lasting infection due to waxy cell walls; causes calcified regions on the lungs

caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

What is tuberculosis caused by?

Influenza

Viral infection (types A, B, and C) causing headache, chills, body aches, fever, and extreme fatigue; requires yearly vaccines due to frequent mutations.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

A respiratory infection most common in infants <6 months, characterized by fever, cough, chest retractions, and difficulty breathing.