chap 5 med techniques & pt care

PFC

Patient focused care

When did the American Hospital Association (AHA) adopt the patients bill of rights?

1973

When was the Consumer Bill of Rights and Responsibilities (patients bill of rights) established?

1998

When was The Patient Care Partnership: Understanding Expectations, Rights, and Responsibilities established?

2004

Who can Sonographers speak to about matters related to patients?

Authorized hospital personnel only

HIPAA: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

Designed to protect the health insurance coverage for workers and their families when changing or losing their jobs (health insurance portability) and to protect individuals’ medical records and other personal health information (accountability)

What does HIPAA apply to?

Any healthcare facility or organization, not just hospitals

Vital signs

Temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure

Pulse rate

The number of beats per minute (bpm)

Rhythm

The interval between beats

Arrhythmia

Any variation of the normal rhythm of the heart

Tachycardia

Abnormally rapid pulse rates (>100 bpm)

Bradycardia

Abnormally slow pulse rates (<60bpm)

Respiration rate

The number of respirations per minute

• 16-20 breaths per minute is normal

Respiration depth

The amount of air taken in with each respiration (normal, shallow, or deep)

Respiration character

The quality of respiration (quiet, labored, wheezing, and coughing)

What to note about respiration

• if pt needs to sit or stand to breathe easily

• any difficulty breathing (dyspnea)

• change in patients color (cyanosis or pallor)

What is one respiration?

One in and out breathing sequence

How to count respirations

• Start the count at 0 and continue counting for 30 seconds

• Multiply by 2

• If irregularities are observed, count the full 1 minute

How is BP produced?

By the pumping action of the heart

When is BP the highest?

When the heart contracts (systolic pressure)

When is BP the lowest?

Between beats, when the heart rests (diastolic pressure)

Average value for arterial pressure

• 1 year of age: 95/65

• 6-9 years of age: 100/65

• Adults: 110/65

• Pre-hypertension: between 120/80 and 139/89

• Stage 1 hypertension: 140/90

• Stage 2 hypertension: 160/100

• Hypotension: 80/50