ionic stuff tests

Flame test colour for Li⁺

Crimson red

Flame test colour for Na⁺

Yellow

Flame test colour for K⁺

Lilac

Flame test colour for Ca²⁺

Orange-red

Flame test colour for Cu²⁺

Blue-green

Colour of precipitate formed with NaOH (sodium hydroxide) for Aluminium (Al³⁺)

White at first. Redissolves in excess NaOH to form a colourless solution

Colour of precipitate formed with NaOH (sodium hydroxide) for Calcium (Ca²⁺)

White

Colour of precipitate formed with NaOH (sodium hydroxide) for Copper(II) (Cu²⁺)

Blue

Colour of precipitate formed with NaOH (sodium hydroxide) for Iron(II) (Fe²⁺)

Green

Colour of precipitate formed with NaOH (sodium hydroxide) for Iron(III) (Fe³⁺)

Brown

What does adding NaOH to a solution containing ammonium ions and heating it gently do?

Ammonia gas will be given off which can be tested using red litmus paper

Test for halide ions: Chloride + Silver Nitrate Solution (AgNO₃)

A white precipitate of silver chloride

Test for halide ions: Bromide + Silver Nitrate Solution (AgNO₃)

A cream precipitate of silver bromide

Test for halide ions: Iodide + Silver Nitrate Solution (AgNO₃)

A yellow precipitate of silver iodide

Test for carbonate ions (CO₃^2-) in a solution

Add some dilute acid, if there are carbonate ions the mixture will fizz.

Test for sulfate ions in a solution

Add dilute hydrochloric acid to the test sample to stop any precipitation reactions not involving sulfate ions from taking place. Add some barium chloride solution. If there are sulfate ions in the solution, a white precipitate of barium sulfate will form