Passive Care- Exam 1- Russian Current

Describe Russian Current

Uses duty cycles (on/off cycles) to cause muscle contraction for muscle strengthening

When should we use Russian stimulation

Muscle re-education

Retard atrophy

Muscle strengthening

Decrease muscle spasm through fatigue

Russian stimulation uses what percentage of maximum voluntary contraction?

40-70% MVC

What is the carrier frequency for Russian Stimulation?

2500 Hz (medium)

What is the burst frequency of Russian stimulation?

50 Hz

What is the result of Russian stimulation using the carrier frequency and burst frequency?

Maximally summated muscle contraction

Russian stimulation causes the muscle to what?

Got into tetny

(Goes into contraction and holds it for a while before relaxing)

What type of wave form does Russian stimulation use?

A/C (Rounded, biphasic)

The current comes in_______

Bursts

How many beats per second is Russian stimulation? This causes what?

50 beats per second

Muscle to go into tetnay

What is the burst frequency of Russian stimulation and the on/off time for muscle strengthening?

50 bps

10 sec on and 50 sec off (1:5)

What is the burst frequency of Russian stimulation and the on/off time for muscle fatigue

50 bps

10 sec on 10 sec off (1:1)

What is the phase duration of Russian current?

200-300 microseconds

What is the pulse rate of Russian current?

Usually 50 Hz

(Causes tetanus contraction over 35 Hz)

What is the amplitude for Russian current?

Should be enough for strong tolerable contraction, beyond patient comfort

What is the duty cycle for muscle fatigue (spasm) in Russian current?

10:10

50%

What is the duty cycle for muscle strengthening in Russian current?

10:50

16.7%

Describe duty cycle

Ratio of on time to on + off time (%)

What is the ramp time of Russian current?

.5 - 2 seconds

Gradual ramp up and ramp down

The ramp time mimics what in Russian current?

Voluntary contractions

The electrode placemat should always be____________ during Russian stimulation

Along fibers of same muscle

(Parallel to fibers)

At motor points

(Near origin and insertion)

What is it with 2 unequal sized electrodes? What does it allow?

Monopolar

-active electrode over the target area

What is 2 equal sized electrodes in Russian current? This is __________ protocol

Bipolar

Single muscle (standard/normal)

Which electrode placement do we use for Russian current?

Bipolar

What Russian current has 4 electrodes with 1 channel spread lead for 1 muscle (larger muscles)?

Quadripolar

With quadripolar water are 2 channels with ___________________ protocol, used with large muscle

"Simultaneous Co-Contract"

(Bilateral muscles that always contract together)

What is it when two channels are contracting simultaneously?

Synchronous

Simultaneous Co-Contract

What is it when channel 1 is on while channel 2 is off?

Reciprocal or alternate

(Agonist and antagonist contract alternately)

Electrode placement for reciprocal (alternate) Russian current?

2 channels with alternate protocol

(Agonist/antagonist muscles or muscle groups)

What is overlap mode of Russian stimulation?

Channel 2 starts as channel 1 is ending

What happens with too much overlap during overlap mode of Russian stimulation?

Agonist and antagonist fight

What is the reciprocal or alternate mode of Russian protocol?

Both channels are 10:50 on:off ratio

What electrode placement is used for large muscles in Russian stimulation?

Multipolar

What are the 12 contradictions of Russian stimulation?

1. Anterior cervical area

2. Through the head

3. Through the neck

4. Pacemakers, ICDs

5. Abdomen, pelvis, lumbar areas of pregnant women in 1st trimester

6. Metal implants

7. Epilepsy

8. Areas of hemorrhage

9. Cancer

10. Confused and unreliable patients

11. Damaged skin

12. Unknown etiology

The contraindications of Russian stimulation are the same as?

Interferential current

What are the risks of Russian stimulation?

Skin irritation

Electronic interference (diathermy must be 10 ft (3m) away)

Fragile skin

Fainting, nausea, skin rash, swelling, pain

Muscle damage from too much stimulation

What is the training protocol for Russian stimulation

10 contraction at 10 sec on and 50 sec off (about 1 contraction per minutes)