Year 10 Chemistry Top 50

Vocabulary based flashcards covering fundamental chemistry concepts for Year 10, including atomic structure, the periodic table, and chemical tests.

Proton

A particle within an atom that has a charge of $+1$ (positive) and a mass of $1$ amu.

Neutron

A particle within an atom that has a charge of $0$ (neutral) and a mass of $1$ amu.

Electron

A particle within an atom that has a charge of $-1$ (negative) and a mass of $0$ ($1/2000\text{th}$) amu.

Atomic zero charge cause

Atoms have no overall charge because they have the same number of protons and electrons, meaning the charges cancel each other out.

Atomic number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Mass number

The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

Isotope

An atom of the same element, with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Number of protons calculation

$$\text{No. of protons} = \text{atomic number}$$

Number of neutrons calculation

$$\text{No. of neutrons} = \text{Atomic no.} - \text{Mass No.}$$

Number of electrons calculation

$$\text{No. of electrons} = \text{No. of protons}$$

Group number

The number of electrons in the outer shell of an atom.

Period number

The number of occupied shells in an atom.

Lithium and water reaction

The metal floats and fizzes.

Sodium and water reaction

The metal floats, fizzes and melts.

Potassium and water reaction

The metal floats, fizzes and burns with a lilac flame.

Test for hydrogen gas

Use a lighted splint; if present, you will hear a squeaky pop.

Group 1 behavior similarity

They all have $1$ electron in their outer shell which they want to lose to achieve a full outer shell.

Lithium flame test

Red

Sodium flame test

Yellow-orange

Potassium flame test

Lilac

Calcium flame test

Brick red

Barium flame test

Apple green

Chloride ($Cl^-$) identification

Reacted with silver nitrate solution, it forms a white precipitate.

Bromide ($Br^-$) identification

Reacted with silver nitrate solution, it forms a cream precipitate.

Iodide ($I^-$) identification

Reacted with silver nitrate solution, it forms a yellow precipitate.

Effect of increasing temperature on reaction rate

Particles have more energy, collide more frequently and more collisions are successful.