UWORLD PSYCH/SOC Review TOPICS

flashbulb memory

vivid memory of super distinctive event (explicit memory) but not as accurate as some people think.

2 characteristics of short term memory (duration,items)

20s;7 give or take 2.

The two types of long term memory

explicit and implicit

explicit memory

includes memories about experiences, events, and factual info (episodic and semantic respectively)

implicit memory

memory on completing tasks and skills as well as emotional and reflexive. (an emotional memory could be a birthday).

source monitoring error

inaccurately identifying source of information

memory construction

refers to recreating a memory everytime it is recalled

Describe the three types of memory retrieval. (recall/recognition/retrieval)

recall: simply retrieving information from memory. (FRQ)

recognition: identification of previously stored information (MCQ)

Relearning: recoding forgotten information

fundamental attribution error

tendency to blame other’s behavior based on internal factors rather than externalfactors

actor-observer bias

act of assigning blame for another’s behavior based on internal factors and assigning one self’s blame based on external and situational factors.

Negative priming

stimulus which is initially irgnored then later attended to (asked to pick up the red pen then being asked to pick the blue results in slower response time after.)

hindsight bias

depicting event as likely occurring after it occurred even if it was unlikely.

Top-down processing

way of perceiving information that is guided by beliefs, ideas, and concepts (head to toe)

bottom-top processing

way of perceiving that is guided by sensory input (toe to head)

Parallel processing

processing multiple information that occurs simultaneously (listening to someone talk while paying attention to other things are going on in environment)

Serial processing

processing information one a time as if going down a list

strength of threshold

strength of stimulus needed to be able to perceive stimulus

Absolute threshold

strength of stimulus to be able to detect its presence 50% of the time.

difference threshold (just noticeable difference)

difference between two stimuli that a person can detect 50% of the time.

sensory detection theory

quantifies how judgements are made in the presence of a distraction.

Factors affecting absolute threshold

alertness,motivation, experience, expectation

subliminal stimuli

a stimuli strong enough to be sensed just not perceived

conflict theory

sociological concept examining how inequalities in social classes cause conflict.

functionalism

macrosociological perspective analyzing society works together to maintain equilibrium

social exchange theory

proposes that specific individuals interact with others to maximize personal gain and minimize personal loss.

behaviorism

describes the environments’ role in affecting one’s behavior specifically how reinforcers and punishment shape human behavior. (classical conditioning)

soical learning theory

describes how we learn through interaction, imintation, and modeling in the absence of reinforcers.

cued recall

retrieving information from scratch w/ the use of hints