Chapter 9 psychological disorders

Borderline perosnality disorder traits

1. affective instability

2. highly unstable self image

3. hypersensitivity to abandonment

4. impulsivity

5. self mutiliation

what is the prevalence of BPD

1.7 % and a lot more common im women

what is the comorbidity iwth BPD

mood disorders, eating disorders, substance abuse disorders, personality disorders

what are the treatments of BPD

-DBT (gain more realistic and postiive sense of self, learn problem solving and emotional regualtion, correct dichotomus thinking, VERY EFFECTIVE)

-CBT ( systems for emotional predictibility and problem solving, group intervention, improves: neagtive affect, impulsivity, functioning)

-psychodynamic: mentalization (provides validation and support)

-drug treatments

Narcisistic Personality Disorder traits

-grandiosity

-preoccupation with being admired

-lack of empathy for others

-ignore or devalue others’ needs/wants

what is the prevalence of NPD

men:7.1% women: 4.8%

what are the two types of nacissism

grandiose and vulnerable

what is grandiose narcissism

social dominance, superiority, entitlment

what is vulnerable narcissism

self absorbed, constant need for reassurance, hypersensitivity to rejection or criticism

what are the treaments of narcissism

collaborative therapuetic approach

what is the cogntive theories of NPD

-unrealistic positive assumptions about self

-defense against rejection or unmet emotional needs

avoidant personality disorder traits

1, exessive avoidance of interpersonal interactions

low self esteem and prone to shame

fear rejection and criticism

what is the prevalence of avoidant personality disorder

1,5-2.5 %

-more in women (slightly)

what is the comorbitidy of avoidant perosnality disorder

depression and anxiety

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder traits

1. central symptoms

   1. perfectionsism

   2. excessive concern with order and control

   3. poor interpersonal relationships (rigid, stubborn, cold)

is Obsessive compulsive perosnality disorder related to OCD

they share features but ther are no obsessions and compulsions

what is the prevalence and gender difference in OCPD

2.8 and no diff

what is OCPD comorbid with

depression, anxiety, end eating disorders

what are the theories with OCPD

1. cognitive (strong rigid beleifs)

   1. biologial theory (genetic facts similar to OCD, histoy of physifcal neglect, abormalities in prefrontal cortex)

what is the treamtnet of OCPD

1, supportive therapies

-assist in overcoming the crises that require treatment

2, behavioral therapies

-decrease compulsive behaviors

Paranoid personality disorder traits

1. excessively mistrustful and suspicious of others

2. impairment in vocational and social functioning

3. comorbid with other disorders

what is the prevalence of PPD

1.21%-4.4% and poor prognosis

what is the causes of PPD

-fidnings mixed for genetic transmission

-cognitive theory (beleive that others are malevolent and deceptive, lack of self confidence)

what is the treatments for PPD

1. seek treatment only when in crisis

2. establish trusting therapeutic relationship

3. cognitive therapy may be helpful

   1. increase self efficacy

Schizoid personality disorder traits/symptoms

1. detachment from social relationships

2. indifference towards relationships

3. limited range of emotional expression

4. alexithymia

alexithymia

subclinical inability to identify, process, and describe emotions

what is the prevalence with schizoid personality disorder

0.8-2.8%

what is comorbid with schizoid perosnality disorder

high depression

what are the treatments of SZPD (schizoid personality disorder)

-increasing awareness of feeling

-social skills training

-group therapy

Schizotypal personality disorder traits

1. lifelong patters of “odd” or “bizarre” behaviors and'/or appearance

2. restricted range of emotion

3. uncomfortable interpersoal interactions

4. odd/eccentric behavior

5. paranoia

what is the prevalence of Schizotypal personality disorder

4.6% and more common in men

what is the treatment of schizotypal PD

1. drug therapy (neuroleptic, antipsychotics, and antidepressants

2. psychological thearpy

-build trusting therapeutic relationship

-social skills training

-cognitive therapy (evidence for and against bizarre thoughts)

what is the drug therapies for schizotypal PD

neuroleptics, antipsychotics, ad antidepressants

what are the three subtypes of ADHD

1. combined presentation

2. predominantly inattentive

3. predominantly hyperactive/impulsive

ADHD definition

persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity

combined presentation ADHD

6+ inattention symptoms and 6+hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms

predominatnly inattentive ADHD

6+ inattention symptoms and <6 hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms

predominantly hyperactive/impulsive ADHD

6+ hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms and <6 inattention symptoms

What are the treatments available for ADHD

-stimulant drugs

-non stimuland drugs

-antidepressants

-behavioral therapies

-combinations

what are the stimulant drugs in adhd treatments for

they increase dopamine

-effective but have side effects

what are the nonstimulant drugs in ADHD treatment for

affect norepinephrine

-reduces tics and increases cogntitive performance

what medication in ADHD treatments reduces tics and increases cogntive performance

non-stimulant drugs

how are antidepressants for ADHD treatments

have some affect on cognitive performance

what is the effect of behavioral therapies in ADHD treatment

-reinforce attentive, goal-directed, and prosocial behaviors

-extinguish impulsive and hyperactive behaviors

what is the best treament for ADHD

a combination of stimulant therapy and psychosocial therapy

what are the characteristics of autism spectrum disorder

impairment in two fundamental behavior domains

-deficits in social interactions and communications

-deficits in restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, and activities

-some only show language deficits

-greater head and brain size

-higher than average rate of prenatal and birth complications

what does it mean in autism spectrum disorder when it says deficits in social interactions and communications

Autism: non-reciprocal adoration

echolalia: echoing what one hears

what does it mean in autism spectrum disorder when it says deficits in restriced, repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, and activities

-preoccupation with one object

-obsessed with routine and order

-self-stimulatory behaviors

what is intellectual disability (ID)

deficits in ability to function in the three regions

-conceptual domain (language, reading, memory)

-social domain (interpersonal communication skills, social judgement)

-practical domain (self care)

what are the characteristics of moderate ID

-significant language delays

-low academic ability, but can acquire simple vocational skills

savant

an individual with significant intellectual or developmental disabilities—such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or brain injury—who possesses an extraordinary, "island of genius" skill that stands in stark, incongruous contrast to their overall

-associated with ID

what are the traits of delirium

-disorentation

-recent memory loss

-clouding of attention

-sudden onset

-fluctuating state of reduced awareness

-usually for a month or less)

what are the causes of delirium

-neurocognitive disorder is strongest predictor

-medical disorders (stroke, congestive heart failure, infectious diseases, high fever, HIV)

-intoxication of illicit drugs and withdrawal

-fluid and electrolyte imbalances, medication side effects, and toxic substances

-abnormalities in a number of neurotransmitters

what is the onset of delirium

any age but elderly are at high risk

what is the prevalence of delirium

estimates vary

-10/15% of patients who have had surgery

what is the treatments for delirium

-discontinue drugs that contribute

-antipsychotic medications (help treat a delrium confusion)

-nursing care

-secure atmosphere helps create a secure feeling and a feeling of being in control

traits of tourette’s syndrome

-multiple motor tics and at least 1 vocal tic

-more debilitiating than PMVTD

-the more the stress the more likely to tic

what is tourettes comobid with

highly comorbid with OCD

what causes tourettes

dysfunctions in dopamine system

what are the treatments for tourettes

-habit reversal therapy (triggers for ans signs of impending tics identified, clients taught to engage in competing behaviors)