Glycolysis

What is the net yield of glycolysis?

2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 Pyruvate

What is the rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis?

Phosphofructokinase-1

What enzymes are used in the 3 irreversible steps?

Hexokinase/glucokinase, Phosphofructokinase, and Pyruvate kinase

Where does glycolysis occur

In the cytosol

Low blood sugar will cause what?

Glycogenolysis (breaking down of glycogen storage to produce glucose for glycolysis)

How does glucose get into the cell?

Glucose needs a glucose transporter (GLUT4: mobilized by insulin)

What does aldolase make?

Two G3P molecules, but only after one product of the reaction it catalyzes - DHAP - is converted to G3P i a reversible reaction that heavily favors G3P formation

What is the first step of glycolysis?

Hexokinase uses ATP to phosphorylate glucose to Glucose-6-P

What is the second step of glycolysis?

Isomerase isomerizes Glucose-6-P to Fructose-6-P

What is the third step of glycolysis?

Phosphofructokinase spends 1 ATP to phosphorylate Fructose-6-P to Fructose 1,6-Bis P

What is the fourth step of glycolysis?

Aldolase cleaves Fructose 1,6-Bis P into Glyceraldehyde-3-P and dihydroxyacetone (DHAP)

What is the fifth step of glycolysis?

DHAP is converted into Glyceraldehyde 3-P by an isomerase resulting in 2 G3Ps

What is the sixth step of glycolysis?

G3P dehydrogenase uses 2 phosphates and reduces 2 NAD+ to oxidize 2 molecules of G3P to 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate producing 2 NADHs

What is the seventh step of glycolysis?

Phosphoglycerate kinase spends 2 ADPs to convert 2 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerates into 2 3-Phosphoglycerates and generate 2 ATPs

What is the eighth step of glycolysis?

Mutase converts 2 3-Phosphoglycerates into 2 2-Phosphoglycerates

What is the ninth step of glycolysis?

Enolase converts 2 2-Phophoglycerates into 2 phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)

What is the tenth step of glycolysis?

Pyruvate kinase uses 2 ADPs to convert 2 PEPs into 2 pyruvates and 2 ATPs