Community/Public Health Nursing - Exam 1 Flashcards

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers essential concepts from Unit 1 to Unit 3 of Community/Public Health Nursing, including models of care, prevention levels, historical figures, and public health policy.

Health (WHO definition)

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease.

Public Health Nursing

Nursing practice that shifts the focus from caring for individual patients to improving the health of entire populations through prevention and wellness protection.

Community-Based Nursing

Nursing focused on individuals and families to manage existing health conditions outside the hospital, such as in home health, hospice, or schools.

Community-Oriented Nursing

Nursing with a population-focused purpose to improve community health through programs like vaccination campaigns and smoking prevention.

Individual/Family Level (Intervention Wheel)

A level of practice that focuses on one person or family, involving interventions like case management, health teaching, and counseling.

Community Level (Intervention Wheel)

A level of practice focused on changing community health through outreach, community organizing, and coalition building.

Systems Level (Intervention Wheel)

A level of practice that changes organizations or policies through advocacy, social marketing, and policy development.

Screening

The identification of disease early through methods such as blood pressure checks.

Surveillance

The process of collecting health data.

Outreach

The process of locating at-risk populations.

Case Management

The coordination of care for an individual or family.

Advocacy

The act of supporting vulnerable populations.

Coalition Building

Bringing organizations together to solve health problems.

Social Marketing

Using media campaigns to encourage healthy behaviors.

Florence Nightingale

A pioneer who improved sanitation during the Crimean War, used statistics for patient outcomes, and recognized the importance of clean water and nutrition.

Lillian Wald

The founder of public health nursing in the United States who established the Henry Street Settlement and advocated for school nursing.

Mary Breckinridge

Founder of the Frontier Nursing Service which improved maternal and child health in rural areas.

Health Belief Model

A theory suggesting people change behavior if they feel at risk (susceptibility), believe the disease is serious (severity), and perceive benefits with few barriers.

Transtheoretical Model

A model describing the stages of change: Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, and Maintenance.

Self-efficacy

A component of Social Cognitive Theory referring to an individual's self-confidence in their ability to perform a behavior.

Ecological Model

A framework stating health is influenced by multiple levels: individual, family, community, organizations, and public policy.

Social Determinants of Health

The conditions in which people live, learn, work, and play, including income, education, and housing safety.

Primary Prevention

Interventions designed to prevent disease before it occurs, such as vaccinations, exercise programs, and seat belt use.

Secondary Prevention

Interventions aimed at detecting disease early, such as mammograms, Pap tests, and cholesterol screenings.

Tertiary Prevention

Interventions intended to reduce complications and improve quality of life, such as physical therapy after a stroke or diabetes education.

Primary Data

Data collected directly by the nurse through interviews, surveys, focus groups, or windshield surveys.

Secondary Data

Previously collected information such as census reports, CDC data, and hospital records.

Windshield Survey

An observational assessment of a community's housing, transportation, safety, and people conducted while driving or walking through the area.

Health Literacy

The ability to obtain, understand, and use health information to make appropriate health decisions.

Teach-Back Method

A health literacy strategy where the patient is asked to repeat instructions to ensure understanding.

CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

Federal agency responsible for disease prevention and surveillance.

Medicare

Public insurance for adults $\ge 65$ years and individuals with certain disabilities.

Medicaid

Public insurance for low-income individuals, jointly funded by federal and state governments.

CHIP (Children’s Health Insurance Program)

Public insurance for children in families who do not qualify for Medicaid but cannot afford private insurance.

Aggregate

A subgroup of the population that shares common characteristics, such as veterans or college students.

Healthy People 2030

A national framework providing objectives to eliminate health disparities, improve health equity, and increase healthy life expectancy.

EMTALA

Legislation requiring emergency departments to evaluate and stabilize patients regardless of their ability to pay.