Digestive System:

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Last updated 1:55 AM on 4/16/26
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29 Terms

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Four Stages of Digestive System

  1. Ingestion

  2. Digestional (large molecules to small)

  3. Absorbtion

  4. Elimination

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2 Types of Digestion

  1. Mechanical (movement)

  2. Chemical (enzymes)

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Tube of You Order

  1. Mouth

  2. Pharynx

  3. Esophagus

  4. Stomach

  5. Small Intestine

  6. Large Intestine

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Accessory Organs

  1. Teeth

  2. Tongue

  3. Gallbladder

  4. Salivary Glands

  5. Liver

  6. Pancreas

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3 Salivary Glands

  1. Parotid Gland - under ear

  2. Submandibular Gland - under mandible

  3. Sublingual Gland - under tongue

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Saliva Enzymes

  1. Salivary Amylase - carbs

  2. Lysozyme - bacteria

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Swallowing (Deglutition) Stages

  1. Voluntary Stages - actually swallowing, leads to pharynx

  2. Pharyngeal Stage - pharynx to esophagus

  3. Esophageal Stage - esophagus to stomach

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Perisalsis

The act of pushing food to the stomach from esophagus

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Esophageal Hiatus

Opening of diaphragm for esophagus

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Pyloric Sphicter

Valve separating stomach and duodenum

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Cardiac Orifice

Valve separating esophagus and stomach

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Maceration (Stomach)

Mixing waves that churn food on the inside and mixes it with gastric juices which converts into chyme(thin liquid)

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Pancreatic juice is…

alkaline mixture and digestive enzymes from acini cells + bicarbonate neutralizes HCl to ph of 8

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Pancreatic Digestive Enzymes

  1. Amylase

  2. Lipase

  3. Trypsin

  4. Nuclease

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Liver Purpose

Metabolism of carbs, fats, and proteins after absorbtion + secretes bile

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How much bile is made per day

1 quart

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Gallbladder purpose

Stores bile until needed by small intestine

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3 Parts of Small Intestine

  1. Duodenum

  2. Jejunum

  3. Ileum

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6 Parts of Large Intestine

  1. Appendix

  2. Cecum

  3. Ascending

  4. Transverse

  5. Descending

  6. Sigmoid

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Duodenum

Beginning of small intestine + attached to the stomach (12-14 inch)

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Jejunum

After duodenum (8ft)

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Ileum

After jejunum(12ft) + has ileocecal valve

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Villi

Tiny finger like bumps that help absorb nutrients in the small intestine

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Lymph

Clear fluid that travels through the body’s lymphatic system and carries immune cells and removes waste

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Absorption occurs through villi by…

  1. Diffusion

  2. Osmosis

  3. Facilitated Diffusion

  4. Active Transport

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Diffusion

Concentration of low to high

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Osmosis

Movement through water

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Facilitated Diffusion

Concentration of low to high with help from proteins

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Active Transport

Needs ATP energy