Unit 3.1

Taxonomy

The study of classification

Mutation

A spontaneous change in the amount or structure of the DNA

Endospore

Thick, though-walled, dormant and dehydrated bacterial cell formed during unsuitable conditions

Photosynthetic

Use light to make food

Chemosynthetic

Use energy from chemical reactions to make food

Saprophytic

Bacteria of decay feeding on dead organic matter

Parasitism

Close relationship between two species living together where one benefits, the other is harmed

Parasite

Organism cause harm to another to another living organism with which it lives and feeds off

Obligate parasites

Live on hosts but do not normally kill them

Facultative parasites

Kill the host and feed on the remains

Aerobic bacteria

Require oxygen for respiration

Anaerobic bacteria

Do not require oxygen to respire

Facultative anaerobes

Can respire with or without oxygen

Obligate anaerobes

Can only respire in the absence of oxygen

Pathogens

Micro-organisms that cause disease

Antibiotics

Substances produced by micro-organisms that stp the growth of, or kill, other micro-organisms without damaging human tissue

Batch food processing

A fixed amount of sterile nutrient is added to the micro-organisms in the bioreactor

Continuous flow food processing

Nutrients are continuously fed into the bioreactor

Heterotrophic

Organism that cannot make their own food and obtains food from the environment

Consumers

Organisms that take in food from other organisms

Symbiosis

The close relationship between two living species icing together in which at least one benefits

Saprophytic

Fungi of decay feeding on dead organic matter

Sterility

Free from all micro-organisms

Asepsis

Free from pathogens

Aseptic technique

Taking measures to prevent contamination by microorganisms

Pseudopodia

For movement and to engulf prey

Phagocytosis

Amoeba englulf prey

Vaccines

Injections of virus antibodies to produce immunity

AIDS

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

HIV

Human Immunodeficiency Virus