A technique for determining genetic abnormalities in a fetus by the presence of certain chemicals or defective fetal cells in the amniotic fluid, obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus
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Anneal
To be capable of combining with complementary nucleic acid by a process of heating and cooling
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Carrier Screening
Indiscriminate examination of members of a population to detect heterozygotes for serious disorders
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Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
A technique for diagnosing genetic and congenital defects in a fetus by removing and analyzing a sample of the fetal portion of the placenta
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Denaturation
In DNA, the separation of the two strands of the double helix.
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Gene
A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence of DNA
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Genetic Counseling
A process of communication that deals with the occurrence or risk that a genetic disorder will occur in a family
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Genetic Testing
The use of methods to determine if someone has a genetic disorder, will develop one, or is a carrier
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Genome
The complement of an organism's genes; an organisms genetic material
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Genotype
The genetic makeup of an organism
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Karyotype
A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape
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Newborn Screening
The analysis of a neonate's blood for metabolic or genetic disorders to prevent mental retardation, disability or death
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Phenotype
The physical and physiological traits of an organism
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Polymerase Chain Reaction
A technique that involves copying short pieces of DNA and then making millions of copies in a short period of time
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Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD)
In assisted reproductive technology, the determination of genetic abnormalities in the embryo before it is transferred to the uterus
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Primer
A short piece of DNA or RNA that is complementary to a section of template strand and acts as an attachment and starting point for the synthesis strand during DNA replication
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Restriction Enzyme
A degradative enzyme that recognizes specific nucleotide sequences and cuts up DNA.
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)
One base-pair variation in the genome sequence
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Supernatant
The (usually) clear liquid left behind after a precipitate has been spun down to the bottom of a vessel by centrifugation
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Taq Polymerase
A DNA synthesis enzyme that can withstand the high temperatures of PCR
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Thermal Cycler
An instrument that automatically cycles through different temperatures used to complete PCR reactions
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Ultrasonography
A noninvasive technique involving the formation of a two-dimensional image used for the examination and measurement of internal body structures and the detection of bodily abnormalities
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Cloning
Using a somatic or body cell from a multicellular organism to make one or more genetically identical individuals
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Gene Therapy
The alteration of the genes of a person afflicted with a genetic disease (Hemophilia)
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In Vitro Fertilization
A procedure in which gametes are fertilized in a dish in the laboratory, and the resulting zygote is implanted in the uterus for development
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Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD)
In assisted reproductive technology, the determination of genetic abnormalities in the embryo before it is transferred to the uterus
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Sex Selection
Methods used to predetermine or diagnose the sex of an embryo for the purpose of selecting only those embryos of a particular sex for transplanting to the uterus of a woman
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Vector
An agent (as a plasmid or virus) that contains or carries modified genetic material and can be used to introduce extra genes into the genome of an organism
Studied by 32 people
