Exam 6: NPN + Electrolytes

Select all options that are components of non protein nitrogen (NPN):

Urea

Creatinine

Uric Acid

Glucose

Ammonia

Amino acids

Urea ✅

Creatinine ✅

Uric Acid ✅

Glucose ❌

Ammonia ✅

Amino acids ✅

Identify the source of: Blood urea nitrogen (BUN); Creatinine (CRE); Uric Acid; Ammonia

Explain the clinical significance of measuring: BUN; CRE; Uric acid; Ammonia

Explain various testing principles used to measure: BUN; CRE; Uric acid; Ammonia

What is the reference range for BUN?

What is the reference range for CREATININE?

What is the reference range for URIC ACID?

What is the reference range for AMMONIA?

Define azotemia and uremia

Define azotemia and uremia

Outline common causes of prerenal, renal, and postrenal azotemia.

A BUN of 10 mg/dL is obtained by a technologist. What is the urea concentration? (Use conversion formula) Factor is 2.14.

18.4 mg/dL

9.3 mg/dL

25.0 mg/dL

21.4 mg/dL

21.4 mg/dL

A Urea of 15 mg/dL is obtained by a technologist. What is the BUN concentration? (Use conversion formula) Factor is 2.14.

Calculate the BUN:CR ratio and discuss its clinical significance.

Explain primary hyperuricemia (gout)

Which of the following will cause a decreased anion gap?

Hyperphosphatemia

Hypocalcemia

Hypoalbuminemia

Hypernatremia

Hypoalbuminemia

The anion gap is determined from which of the following groups of electrolytes?

Sodium, chloride, potassium, and HCO₃-

Sodium, chloride, potassium, and calcium

Sodium, chloride, potassium, and phosphorus

TCO₂, chloride, potassium, and magnesium

Sodium, chloride, potassium, and HCO₃-

Calculate the anion gap given the following data: Sodium = 145 mEq/L; Chloride = 102 mEq/L; and HCO3- = 20 mEq/L.

120 mEq/L

63 mEq/L

23 mEq/L

-23 mEq/L

23 mEq/L

__________ he most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid.

Sodium

Serum urea nitrogen and serum creatinine determinations are frequently requested together so that their ratio may be evaluated. What is the range of the normal ratio of urea nitrogen to creatinine?

15/1 and 20/1

1/1 and 10/1

25/1 and 30/1

12/1 and 20/1

20/1 and 30/1

12/1 and 20/1

Which of the following conditions will cause an increase anion gap?

Renal failure

Hypoaldosteronism

Pulmonary fibrosis

Hyperkalemia

Renal failure

Creatinine reacts with strong alkaline picrate to form a yellow-red compound. This reaction is:

Nessler's reaction.

Jaffe reaction.

Ehrlich's diazo reaction.

Lieberman-Burchard reaction.

Jaffe reaction

Plasma osmolality can be calculated using which of the following?

Na + Cl + K + HCO3

2(Na) + (glucose/18) + (BUN/2.8) 

Na + 2(HCO3) + Urea nitrogen - glucose

Glucose + 2(Na) - 2 (BUN)

2(Na) + (glucose/18) + (BUN/2.8) 

All of the following can be function of electrolytes EXCEPT:

Body fluid Volume and osmotic regulation

Cofactors in enzyme activation

Regulate synthesis of immunoglobulins

Myocardial rhythm and contractility

Regulate synthesis of immunoglobulins

What is the preferred anticoagulant for the measurement of plasma calcium?

Oxalate

Heparin

EDTA

Citrate

Heparin

Creatinine is formed from the:

Oxidation of protein.

Metabolism of purines.

Oxidation of creatine.

Deamination of dibasic amino acids.

Oxidation of creatine