Functions of Brain Structures

for sheep brain

brain stem

vital life functions

occipital lobe

processes visual information

temporal lobe

hearing, memory, language

parietal lobe

sensory integration, spatial

frontal lobe

reasoning, planning, personality

midsagittal fissure

divides brain hemispheres

central sulcus

separates motor/sensory

cerebellum

balance, coordination, movement

optic chiasm

visual pathway crossing

pituitary gland

master hormone regulator

circle of willis

cerebral blood supply

trigeminal nerve

face sensation, chewing

optic nerve

transmits visual signals

olfactory bulb

processes smell signals

optic tract

relays visual signals

oculomotor nerve

controls eye movement

trochlear nerve

downward eye movement

abducens nerve

lateral eye movement

infundibulum

connects pituitary stalk

mammillary bodies of hypothalamus

memory/emotion relay

pons

bridges brain signals

medulla oblongata

breathing, heart rate

spinal cord

relays body signals

inferior colliculus

auditory signal processing

superior colliculus

visual reflex coordination

tectum

sensory reflex center

fourth ventricle

CSF circulation pathway

pineal body

melatonin, sleep regulation

splenium of corpus callosum

connects posterior hemispheres

fornix

memory circuit pathway

body of corpus callosum

interhemispheric signal transfer

septum pellucidum

separates lateral ventricles

cingulate gyrus

emotion, attention regulation

genu of corpus callosum

connects frontal lobes

optic chiasma

visual field crossover

third ventricle

CSF flow channel

massa intermedia of thalamus

connects thalamic halves

mammillary body

memory circuit relay

cerebral aqueduct

connects brain ventricles

head of caudate

movement, reward learning

lateral ventricle

produces/circulates CSF

internal capsule

motor/sensory signals

putamen

movement, habit learning

corpus callosum

connects brain hemispheres

thalamus

sensory relay station

choroid plexus

produces CSF fluid

tail of caudate

learning, memory modulation

lenticular nucleus

movement, motor control

amygdala

fear, emotion processing

dentate gyrus of hippocampus

new memory formation

medial geniculate body

auditory thalamic relay

lateral geniculate body

visual thalamic relay

ventral hippocampus

emotion, stress regulation