Topic 2 Chemistry: Bondimg and Structure

How many bonds does each carbon atom form in diamond?

4

Can diamond conduct electricity?

No diamond cannot conduct electricity as it has no free electrons or irons that can move around and carry charge.

Why does diamond have a high melting point?

Diamond has a high melting point as it forms very strong covalent bonds which take a lot of energy to break the bonds.

Why is diamond hard?

Diamond is a hard because it is a giant covalent structure which forms three dimensional network of strong covalent bonds which require a lot of energy to break.

How many bonds does each carbon atom form in graphite?

3

Why is graphite soft and slippery?

There are no covalentbonds between the layers they are weekly held together by intermolecular forces therefore the layers can slide over each other.

How does graphite conduct electricity and heat?

As it only forms three covalent bonds to carbon it has one spare delocalised electron which is free to move and conduct electricity and heat.

What is the structure of graphite like?

It is layers of hexagonal rings with weak forces between layers but strong covalent bonds within the layers which means it has a high melting point as the covalent bonds take a lot of energy to overcome.

Does graphene conduct electricity?

Yes, it does conduct electricity as it has three delocalised electrons which are free to move and carry charge.

Does graphene have high or low melting and boiling point?

Graphing has a high melting and boiling point as it is made of a strong covalent bonds which take a lot of energy to overcome

Describe Buckminsterfullerene

Buckminsterfullerene is arranged in the sphere with either six or five carbon atom bonds it can be used to deliver drugs as a lubricant or for a catalyst for chemical reactions.

Describe nano tubes

Carbon nano tubes are cylinders with high tensile strength and they can conduct heat and electricity as they have free delocalised electrons

What is the size of nano particles?

They are extremely small particles with the size of 1 to 100 nm

Describe surface area to volume ratio

When surface area increases and volume stays the same there is a high surface area to volume ratio therefore more particles are exposed outside

Explain why the size and surface area to volume ratio of nano particles helps them react to make them special

Nano particles have a very high surface area to volume ratio which means there are more particles on the outside therefore more expose surfaces interact with other substances. They have a higher frequency of successful collisions per second they react faster than larger particles

What are uses of nano particles?

Medicine: to deliver drugs to target cells

Sunscreen: blocks UV rays but is trans skin

Antibacterial products: silver nano particles kill bacteria

Catalysts: increase rate of chemical reaction reactions due to large surface area

What are the risks of using nano particles?

Long-term effects are not fully known possible toxic effects and they can enter the body easily