Forearm

Wrist joint movements, flexion of the fingers, pronation of the forearm

Movements mediated by the flexor surface of the forearm

median nerve, ulnar nerve (flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus)

innervation of the anterior compartment of the forearm

radius

lateral bone of the forearm

ulna

medial bone of the forearm

C6-8, T1

spinal origin of the median nerve

C5-8, T1

spinal origin of the radial nerve

C8, T1 (C7)

ulnar nerve spinal origin

cephalic vein

lateral vein of the arm, that feeds into the cubital fossa, also lateral vein of the forearm

axillary vein

vein travelling down the posterior side of the medial arm that crosses over to the front to become the basilic vein

basilic vein

medial vein of the forearm, also the medial vein of the lower portion of the arm, penetrates the deep fascia to become axillary vein

cubital fossa

triangular depression between brachioradialis and pronator teres

tendon of biceps brachii, brachial artery, median nerve

major contents of the cubital fossa, lateral to medial

radial and ulnar artery

arteries originating from the bifurcation of the brachial artery at the apex of the cubital fossa

between ulnar and humeral heads of pronator teres

where does the median nerve pass when leaving the cubital fossa?

bicipital aponeurosis

What structure covers and protects the structures in the cubital fossa anteriorly?

underneath the brachioradialis

Where does the radial nerve enter the forearm and divide into the superficial and deep branches?

posterior to medial epicondyle of humerus; through the gap between the humeral and ulnar heads of flexor capri ulnaris

Where does the ulnar nerve enter the forearm?

median cubital vein

blood vessel passing immediately superficial to the bicipital aponeurosis diagonally across the cubital fossa

pronator teres, pronator quadratus

muscles involved in the pronation of the forearm, both located in the anterior compartment of the forearm

anterior surfaces if the radius and ulna

oridin and insertion of pronator quadratus

flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus, flexor carpi radialis, pronator teres

muscles of the superficial layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm, listed from medial to lateral

medial epicondyle of humerus, olecranon and posterior border of ulna

origin of flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

pisiform bone, hamate and base of metacarpal V

insertion of flexor carpi ulnaris

ulnar nerve (C7-8, T1)

innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris

medial epicondyle

origin of palmaris longus

palmar aponeurosis

insertion of palmaris longus

median nerve (C7-8)

innervation of palmaris longus

medial epicondyle

flexor carpi radialis origin

base of metacarpals II and III

insertion of flexor carpi radialis

median nerve (C6-7)

innervation of flexor carpi radialis

medial epicondyle and supraepicondylar ridge; medial side of coronoid process

origin of the pronator teres muscle

lateral surface of radius

isertion of the pronator teres muscle

median nerve (C6-7)

innervation of pronator teres

15%

percentage of the population in which the palmaris longus is absent

flexor digitorum superficialis

the single muscle of the intermediate layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm

medial epicondyle of the humerus, medial edge of the coronoid process of ulna

origin of the humero-ulnar head of flexor digitorum superficialis

anterior oblique line of radius

origin of the radial head of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle

between the two heads of the flexor digitorum superficialis

common path of the median nerve and ulnar artery in the forearm

middle and ring finger tendons

Which two tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis are superificial to the remaining two tendons?

middle phalanges of fingers

insertion of the flexor digitorum superficialis

median nerve (C8, T1)

innervation of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle

flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus

three muscles of the deep layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm, medial to lateral, superficial to deep

anterior and medial surface of ulna, anterior surface of interosseous membrane

origin of the flexor digitorum profundus

proximal phalanx level

Where in the hand do the tendons of flexor digitorum profundus cross in front of flexor digitorum superficialis tendons?

lumbrical muscles

muscles originating from the sides of tendons of flexor digitorum profundus in the hand

lateral half - median nerve, medial half - ulnar nerce

innervation of flexor digitorum profundus

anterior surface of radius, interosseous membrane

origin of the flexor pollicis longus

base of distal phalanx of thumb

insertion of flexor pollicis longus

median nerve (C7-8)

innervation of the flexor pollicis longus

median nerve (C7-8)

innervation of the pronator quadratus muscle

brachial artery

the origin of the blood supply to the forearm

common interosseous artery

branch of the ulnar artery passing down the middle of the forearm, dividing into anterior and posterior compartments

anterior and posterior interosseous arteries

arteries passing either side of the interosseous membrane

deep to brachioradialis, lateral side of radial nerve, medial to tendon of brachioradialis

path of the radial artery in the forearm (proximal, medial, distal part)

deep between bases of metacarpals I and II

How does the radial artery enters the hand?

superficial palmar branch

branch of the radial artery in the hand passing superficial to or through the thenar muscles

lateral to pisiform, superficial to flexor retinaculum

How does ulnar artery enter the hand?

anterior interosseous nerve

branch of the median nerve separating under the pronator teres muscle

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform

proximal carpal bones, lateral to medial

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

distal carpal bones

some lovers try positions that they can’t handle

mnemonic for carpal bones

deep transverse metacarpal ligaments

thick bands of connective tissue connecting the palmar ligaments of the metacarpoplalangeal joints of the fingers to each other; keep the hand together

deep arch of carpal bones, flexor retinaculum

boarders forming the carpal tunnel

flexor digitorum superficialis , flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus tendons, median nerve

structures passing through the carpal tunnel

flexor carpi radialis tendon

structure passing through the lateral margin of the flexor retinaculum

palmaris longus tendon

tendon passing into the hand that is not surrounded by a synovial sheath

median artery

common anatomical variant, a large artery sometimes found in the carpal tunnel

palmar aponeurosis

triangular condensation of the deep fascia that covers the palm of the hand, is anchored to the skin distally

palmaris brevis

small intrinsic muscle of the hand that overlays the hypothenar muscles, deepens the cup of the palm

palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum

origin of palmaris brevis

dermis of the skin on the medial margin of the hand

insertion of the palmaris brevis muscle

ulnar nerve

innervation of the palmaris brevis muscle

tendons of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis, tendon of extensor pollicis longus

boarders of the anatomical snuffbox (lateral-medial)

extensor hood/dorsal digital expansion

coverings on the distal side of the digits created by tendons of extensors of digits

deep branch of ulnar nerve, median nerve (three thenar, two lumbrical muscles)

innervation of the intrinsic muscles of the hand

T1 (C8)

spinal segment innervating the intrinsic muscles of the hand

dorsal interossei

most dorsal intrinsic muscles of the hand

adjascent sides of metacarpals

oridin of the 4 dorsal interossei

extensor hood and base of proximal phalanges (indes, middle, ring fingers)

insertion of the 4 dorsal interossei

deep branch of ulnar nerve

innervation of the dorsal interossei

abduction of fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joints

function of the dorsal interossei

sides of metacarpals

origin of palmar interossei

extensor hoods of the thumb, indes, ring and little finger, proximal phalanx of thumb

insertion of palmar interossei

adduction of the fingers at the metacarpophalanheal joints

function of the palmar interossei

metacarpal III, capitate and bases of metacarpals II and III

origin of the transverse and oblique heads of the adductor pollicis

Base of proximal phalanx and extensor hood of thumb

insertion of adductor pollicis

tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

origin of the lumbricals

extensor hoods of index, ring, middle and little fingers

insertion of the lumbricals

flex metacarpophalangeal joints

function of the lumbricals

opponens pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis

thenar muscles responsible for the thenar eminence

tubercles of scaphoid, trapezium, flexor retinaculum

origin of abductor pollicis brevis

proximal phalanx, extensor hood of thumb

insertion of abductor pollicis brevis

tubercle of trapezium, flexor retinaculum

origin of opponens pollicis

metacarpal I

insertion of opponens pollicis

recurrent branch of median nerve

innervation of the thenar muscles

tubercle of trapezium, flexor retinaculum

flexor pollicis brevis

proximal phalanx of the thumb

flexor pollicis brevis insertion

deep branch of ulnar nerve

hypothenar muscles innervation

hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum

origin of opponens digiti minimi

medial metacarpal V

insertion of opponens digiti minimi