DNA Replication Unit - Honors Biology Grade 9
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26 Terms
1
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What phase does DNA replication happen during?
interphase → s phase
2
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What does the s in s phase stand for?
synthesis
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DNA replication is necessary during ___ *___*___to ensure that the daughter cells get the ____ set of the parental _____.
cell division/full/genome
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What kind of reaction is DNA replication?
chemical
5
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Which enzyme split the double helix by breaking hydrogen bonds to separate the two strands of DNA?
helicase
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What bonds does helicase break?
hydrogen
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Which enzyme moves ahead of helicase and makes small breaks in hydrogen bonds to prevent DNA from supercoiling and breaking?
topoisomerase/gyrase
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What does DNA become when it supercoils? (tough or fragile)
fragile
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What enzyme does topoisomerase move ahead of?
helicase
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What are the bonds holding together nucleotides vertically?
phosphodiester bonds
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What are the bonds holding together nucleotides horizontally?
hydrogen bonds
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What is the area called where there is a lot of A=T?
origin of replication
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What is it called when the third carbon of a nucleotide is free?
3 prime/3’
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What is it called when the fifth carbon of a nucleotide is free?
5 prime/5’
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What is the diagram of DNA replication called?
replication fork
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Which enzyme brings RNA nucleotides to make a primer on to which DNA nucleotides can be added?
RNA primase
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Which enzyme bring DNA nucleotides complementary to the template strand and adds to the primer?
DNA polymerase 3
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What form prime wise is the template strand?
3’ to 5’
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What form prime wise is the new replicated strand?
5’ to 3’
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What does DNA polymerase not do which might lead to mishaps?
go back and proof read the combinations of purine+pyrimidine
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What enzyme replaces RNA primer with DNA nucleotides?
DNA polymerase 1
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What enzyme adds a phosphate group to join the okazaki fragments and any other lose nucleotide to create a continuous new strand?
DNA ligase
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What are the multiple strands called when a continuous 3’ to 5’ template strand isn’t available?
okazaki fragments
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What doe okazaki fragments make up?
lagging strand
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What is the continuous 3’-5’ template strand called?
leading strand
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In a lagging strand the okazaki fragment closest to which prime is built first?
5’