Need to know

Metabolic Syndrome Lab values

-fasting glucose greater than 100mg/dl

-SBP over 135 OR DBP over 85

fasting blood glucose

greater than 126 mg/dL

random blood glucose

<200 mg/dL with symptoms

A1C

greater than 6.5%

Sulfonylureas

increase insulin release

Metformin (Biguanide)

increases insulin sensitivity and lowers liver glucose

Hypoglycemia

less than 60 mg/dL

DKA diagnostic labs

-glucose over 250

- blood ph less than 7.3

-ketones in urine

HHNKS

Glucose >600

Osmolarity >320

tumor marker for pancreatic cancer

CA 19-9 and CEA

GERD medications

PPIs (↓ acid production)

H2 blockers (↓ acid)

Antacids (neutralize acid quickly)

Sucralfate

coats ulcer, used in PUD

Infliximab

TNF inhibitor, test for TB before

Vancomycin or Metronidazole

antibiotics to treat C.diff

Spironolactone

potassium sparing diuretic, used to help with fluid retention in ascites

Lactulose

osmotic laxative; removal of ammonia in the body for hepatic encephalopathy

Rifaximin

raps ammonia in the colon and removes it through stool

Alpha-fetoprotein

tumor maker for liver cancer

Tamsulosin

alpha 1 blocker, relaxes ureter, used for large stones

Nifedipine

calcium channel blocker, used for large stones

Hydrochlorothiazide

treats calcium kidney stones by excreting sodium, water, and potassium

Allopurinol

Decreases production of uric acid

Potassium citrate

urinary alkalinizer

Phenazopyridine (Pyridium)

Bladder analgesic

Turns urine orange

Doxazosin (Cardura) and Tamsulosin (Flomax)

α1 blockers, benign prostate hypotrophy (helps men urinate)

Finasteride (Proscar)

-5-alpha reductase inhibitor

-Blocks testosterone → DHT conversion → shrinks prostate

-6-12 months

PSA

prostate-specific antigen (0-4 ng/ml)

BUN levels

10-20 mg/dL

creatinine levels

0.5-1.2 mg/dL

Dialysis indications

BUN > 100

Creatinine > 10

Hyperkalemia

Pulmonary edema

Severe acidosis

Fluid overload not responding

Uremia

Uremic complications (encephalopathy, pericarditis)

Stage 1 CKD

GFR >90

stage 2 CKD

GFR 60-89

stage 3 CKD

GFR 30-59

Stage 4 CKD

GFR 15-29

Stage 5 CKD

GFR <15

Calcitriol

Activated vitamin D

Helps absorb calcium from GI tract

Suppresses excess PTH release

Cholecalciferol

Vitamin D supplement

Helps improve vitamin D levels

Sevelamer

Phosphate binder

Binds phosphate in GI tract so less is absorbed

Helps lower phosphate levels

T score for osteoporosis

-2.5 or less

T score for osteopenia

between -1 and -2.5

HAV IgM

postive for Hep A infection

HAV IgG

immunity to Hep A

HBsAG

current or recent infection of hep B

Anti-HB

immunity to Hep B

Anti-HCV

exposure to hep C

HCV RNA

current infection of hep C