COUNTRY COMPARISONS
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185 Terms
What type of state structure does the United Kingdom have?
A unitary system with centralized power in Parliament and limited devolved authority
How is power distributed in Russia’s federal system?
Russia is formally federal but real autonomy is limited due to strong presidential centralization
What type of state structure does China have?
A unitary system where all provinces are tightly controlled by the Chinese Communist Party
How is Iran’s state structure organized?
A highly centralized unitary system under the Supreme Leader with appointed provincial governors
What type of state structure does Nigeria have?
A federal system with 36 states and shared powers
What type of state structure does Mexico have?
A federal system with 31 states and Mexico City
What regime type characterizes the United Kingdom?
A liberal democracy with competitive elections
What regime type characterizes Russia?
An illiberal democracy with controlled elections
What regime type characterizes China?
A one‑party authoritarian system dominated by the Chinese Communist Party
What regime type characterizes Iran?
A theocratic hybrid regime where elected institutions operate under clerical oversight
What regime type characterizes Nigeria?
A developing democracy with multiparty elections but challenges like corruption and violence
What regime type characterizes Mexico?
A liberalizing democracy with competitive multiparty elections and reforms improving transparency
What type of executive system does the United Kingdom have?
A parliamentary system with a ceremonial monarch and a Prime Minister who depends on parliamentary confidence
Who is the head of state in the United Kingdom?
The Monarch serves as the ceremonial head of state
Who is the head of government in the United Kingdom?
The Prime Minister
How does a UK Prime Minister remain in office?
They must maintain the confidence of Parliament
What type of executive system does Russia have?
A semi‑presidential system with an elected President and an appointed Prime Minister
How long is the Russian presidential term?
Six years
Who holds dominant executive power in Russia?
The President
What type of executive system does China have?
A one‑party system where the President is also the CCP General Secretary
Who heads the Chinese government?
The Premier
What are the term limits for top leaders in China?
There are no term limits under CCP control
What type of executive system does Iran have?
A theocratic hybrid system
Who holds ultimate power in Iran?
The unelected Supreme Leader
How long is the Iranian presidential term?
Four years with a maximum of two terms
What type of executive system does Nigeria have?
A presidential system
Who serves as both head of state and head of government in Nigeria?
The President
How long is the Nigerian presidential term?
Four years with a maximum of two terms
What type of executive system does Mexico have?
A presidential system
How long is the Mexican presidential term?
A single six‑year term with no reelection
What type of legislature does the United Kingdom have?
A bicameral legislature with the House of Commons and House of Lords
How is the UK House of Commons selected?
650 members elected using First Past the Post
How is the UK House of Lords selected?
Members are appointed or hereditary
What type of legislature does Russia have?
A bicameral legislature with the Duma and Federation Council
How is the Russian Duma elected?
450 members using a mixed PR and single‑member district system
How is the Russian Federation Council selected?
Members are appointed
What type of legislature does China have?
A unicameral National People’s Congress controlled by the CCP
What type of legislature does Iran have?
A unicameral Majlis with candidates vetted by the Guardian Council
What type of legislature does Nigeria have?
A bicameral National Assembly with a House of Representatives and Senate
How many members are in Nigeria’s House of Representatives?
360
How many members are in Nigeria’s Senate?
109
What electoral system does Nigeria use for its legislature?
Plurality in single‑member districts
What type of legislature does Mexico have?
A bicameral Congress with a Chamber of Deputies and Senate
How is Mexico’s Chamber of Deputies elected?
500 members using a mixed PR and SMD system
How is Mexico’s Senate elected?
128 members using a mixed system
How is the UK Prime Minister selected?
They are the leader of the majority party in the House of Commons
How are UK Commons members selected?
Elected using First Past the Post
How are UK Lords selected?
Appointed or hereditary
How is the Russian President selected?
Elected using a two‑round system
How is the Russian Prime Minister selected?
Appointed by the President
How is the Russian Duma selected?
Half PR and half SMD
How is the Russian Federation Council selected?
Appointed
How is the Chinese President selected?
Chosen by the National People’s Congress under CCP control
How is the Chinese Premier selected?
Appointed by the President and NPC
How is the NPC selected?
Indirectly selected
How is the Iranian President selected?
Elected through a two‑round system after Guardian Council vetting
How is the Iranian Supreme Leader selected?
Chosen by the Assembly of Experts
How is the Iranian Majlis selected?
Elected after Guardian Council vetting
How is the Nigerian President elected?
Must win a plurality and 25% of the vote in two‑thirds of states
How is Nigeria’s legislature elected?
Plurality in single‑member districts
How is the Mexican President elected?
By simple plurality
How is Mexico’s legislature elected?
Through a mixed PR and SMD system
How independent is the UK judiciary?
Highly independent with a Supreme Court appointed by commission
How independent is the Russian judiciary?
Low independence with courts influenced by the executive
How independent is the Chinese judiciary?
No independence as courts follow CCP directives
How independent is the Iranian judiciary?
Low independence with clerical influence and Supreme Leader appointments
How independent is the Nigerian judiciary?
Medium independence with corruption challenges and presidential appointments
How independent is the Mexican judiciary?
Medium independence with reforms and appointments by President and Senate
What type of party system does the United Kingdom have?
A two‑party system with notable third parties
What type of party system does Russia have?
A dominant‑party system
What type of party system does China have?
A one‑party system
What type of party system does Iran have?
Factional competition within clerical limits
What type of party system does Nigeria have?
A two‑party dominant system
What type of party system does Mexico have?
A multiparty system
How free is the media in the United Kingdom?
High media freedom
How free is the media in Russia?
Low media freedom
How free is the media in China?
No media freedom
How free is the media in Iran?
Low media freedom
How free is the media in Nigeria?
Medium media freedom
How free is the media in Mexico?
Medium‑low media freedom
What type of economic system does the United Kingdom have?
A mixed‑market economy with strong services and high globalization
What type of economic system does Russia have?
A state‑capitalist system dominated by energy and oligarchic control
What type of economic system does China have?
A socialist‑market system with SOEs and high globalization
What type of economic system does Iran have?
A state‑controlled economy dependent on oil with low globalization
What type of economic system does Nigeria have?
An oil‑dependent rentier economy with corruption issues
What type of economic system does Mexico have?
A mixed‑market export‑driven economy with high globalization
How strong is civil society in the United Kingdom?
Strong
How strong is civil society in Russia?
Weak
How strong is civil society in China?
Very weak
How strong is civil society in Iran?
Weak
How strong is civil society in Nigeria?
Medium
How strong is civil society in Mexico?
Medium
What are major cleavages in the United Kingdom?
National identity
What are major cleavages in Russia?
Ethnic minorities and regional tensions
What are major cleavages in China?
Han vs. minorities and regional inequality
What are major cleavages in Iran?
Reformists vs. conservatives and ethnic minorities
What are major cleavages in Nigeria?
North–South divisions
What are major cleavages in Mexico?
Regional inequality
What are key sources of legitimacy in the United Kingdom?
Monarchy
What are key sources of legitimacy in Russia?
Nationalism