Principles of Microbiology Exam Review

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key concepts from the Principles of Microbiology lecture notes for Exam 3.

The first antimicrobial agent discovered to treat syphilis.

Compound 606

Credited for discovering the first antimicrobial agent.

Paul Ehrlich

Credited for first discovering a naturally occurring antimicrobial agent.

Alexander Fleming

The organism inhibited by the mold discovered by Alexander Fleming.

Staphylococcus

A semisynthetic antimicrobial agent.

Ampicillin

A type of secondary infection that can develop when antibiotics kill much of the patient's normal flora.

Superinfection

Used to treat life-threatening diseases caused by bacterial pathogens.

Bactericidal agents

Type of bacteria that penicillin primarily acts on.

Gram-positive bacteria

The first broad-spectrum antibiotic to be approved by the FDA.

Chloramphenicol

Targeted by lipophilic and detergent-like antibiotics.

Plasma membrane

Target of the antimicrobial drug known as rifampin.

RNA polymerase

The target of the class of antimicrobial drugs known as fluoroquinolones.

DNA gyrase

Inhibited by sulfur drugs (sulfonamides).

Dihydrofolic acid synthesis pathway

Type of infection treated with Pentamidine and metronidazole.

Protozoan

Type of infection treated with Avermectins and benzimidazoles.

Helminth

Type of virus targeted by reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

HIV

The mechanism of resistance used by both MRSA and VRSA.

Target modification

Examples include body ache and chills.

Symptoms

An infection obtained during a recent visit to a hospital.

Nosocomial disease

The period when a patient shows signs and symptoms.

Prodromal period

Blood condition characterized by actively dividing bacteria.

Septicemia

The toxic component of endotoxin.

Lipid A

Targeted by enterotoxin.

Intestinal cells

The study of disease occurrence and the patterns of people affected.

Epidemiology

The cause or manner of causation of a disease or condition.

Etiology

Disease investigated by the Ghost Map.

Cholera

Researcher who used carbolic acid to clean tools.

Joseph Lister

Type of carrier exemplified by Mary Mallon (Typhoid Mary).

Asymptomatic Carrier

Transmission method affecting a fetus through the blood-placenta barrier.

Vertical Direct Contact

The most common transmission method for sexually transmitted diseases.

Horizontal Direct Contact

Inanimate items that may harbor microbes and aid in their transmission.

Fomite

A living organism that transmits a pathogen after becoming infected.

Biological vector

Agency that monitors notifiable diseases in the US.

CDC

Disease type associated with the first occurrence of SARS in China.

Pandemic

The transmission mechanism for West Nile Virus.

Vector

Cells that produce and secrete mucus.

Goblet cells

Fungus that causes rose gardener's disease.

Sporothrix schenkii

Type of cells lining the respiratory tract.

Ciliated epithelial cells

Visible accumulation of leukocytes, cell debris, and bacteria at the site of infection.

Pus

Antimicrobial enzyme found in saliva.

Lactoperoxidase

Cytokine that recruits leukocytes to sites of infections.

Chemokine

Describes the differentiation of stem cells into various blood cells.

Hematopoiesis

A type of agranulocyte.

Monocyte

Leukocyte used for protection against protozoa and helminths.

Eosinophil

Leukocyte that initiates inflammation.

Mast cell

Chemical moderator released by mast cells and basophils.

Histamine

Cells found in the liver.

Kupffer cells

The most abundant class of antibody in serum.

IgG

Class of antibody providing protection against parasitic pathogens.

IgE

Cells that produce and secrete antibodies after antigen activation.

Plasma cells

Credited for the discovery of the concept of a vaccine through his work with cowpox.

Edward Jenner

Credited for the discovery of the vaccine against cholera.

Louis Pasteur

Class of immunity exemplified by vaccines.

Active artificially acquired immunity

Most protective vaccine against diphtheria.

Toxoid