contemporary world

Global city

City regarded as a primary node in the global economic network

Global city

Urban center that enjoys significant competitive advantages and that serves as a hub within a globalized economic system

Alpha city / world center

Other names for global city

Saskia Sassen

Wrote the book on global cities and is the leading urban theorist of the global world

2001

When did Saskia Sassen wrote her book on global cities?

the global city: New York, London, Tokyo (1991)

Shaped the concepts and methods that other theorists have used to analyze the role of cities and their networks in the contemporary world

Business activity, human capital, information exchange, cultural experience, political engagement

Global cities index five dimensions

Manager, researcher, artist, visitor, resident

The global power city index (2011) examined cities demanded by several “actor“ types, what are they?

Economy, research and development, cultural interaction, livability, environment, accessibility

Functional areas of the global power city index (2011)

Economic strength, human capital, institutional effectiveness, financial maturity, global appeal, physical capital, environment and natural hazards, social and cultural character

Global city competitiveness index domains

Economic activity, political power, knowledge and influence, quality of life

Four areas according to wealth report

Before 1800’s

Life was short, births were many, population growth was slow, population was generally young

Fertility

Actual birth performance of a woman, measured by the number of live births she has had

Mortality

Process of death in a population defined as the permanent disappearance of life

Crude birth rate

Number of births in given year per 1000 mid-year population

(number of births in a year)/(mid year population) x 1000

Crude birth rate formula

Crude death rate

Number of deaths in a given year per 1000 mid-year population

Number of deaths in a year/mide year population x 1000

Crude death rate formula

Population age structure

Distribution of individuals in a population across various age groups, often visualized using a population pyramid

Young dependency ratio

Ratio of the population in young dependent ages to the population in working ages

Old dependency ratio

Ratio of the population in elderly dependent ages to the population in working ages

Global demographic transition

Worldwide historical process where populations shift from having high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates, accompanied by increased longevity and smaller family sizes

24.1

In the philippines, birth rate declined from 48.6 to what?

6.4

In the philippines, death rate dropped from 13.3 to what?

Stage 1: high stationary population stage

Characterized by high birth rates and high death rates, which largely cancel each other out, resulting in limited population growth

Stage 2:early expanding population

Characterized by declining death rates while birth rate remain high

Stage 3: Late expanding population

Birth rates begin to drop as child mortality decreases ad women gain social empowerment, education and access to contraception, resulting in slowing population growth

Stage 4: Low stationary population

Both birth and death rates are low and stable

Modernization

Shift from agrarian to industrial society, rural to urban migration, technological chage, emergence of stable nation-states

Divergence

Experience of demographic transition varies significantly among countries

Contraceptive pills

Pills taken daily to prevent unwanted pregnancy

Estrogen / progestin

Contraceptive pills contain what hormones

99%

Effectiveness of contraceptive pills

Migration

Conceptualized as movement from an origin to a destination measured through flows of people who reside in a country for at least 12 months

Internal migration

Movement within one country

International migration

Movement across borders

Permanent movers(immigrants), workers, illegal migrants, migrants petitioned by family to move, refugees/asylum-seekers

Groups of international migration

Return migration / circular migration

Non-permanent migration

Remittance

Migrants send a lot of money back home