unit 2 judaism CAMFOW test

Judaism

the monotheistic religion which shaped the Christian world; a post-Biblical term

Who established Judaism?

those living in Judea

other names for Jews/Jewish lineage

Children of Israel

Chosen People

Israelites

House of Jacob

rabbi

a religious teacher who is knowledgeable in laws, rituals, and traditions

What three things make up the structure of a Jewish prayer service?

blessing, petition, and thanksgiving

synagogue

a place of worship, serving as the center for communal life and religious education

yarmulke/kippah

a small skullcap worn by Jewish men as a sign of humility and a reminder of God's presence

bimah

"high place"; podium or platform for reading

talit

a prayer shawl with fringes

tzitzit

the fringes on a talit prayer shawl that remind of the commandments

mitzvot

the 613 commandments; signified by knots on tzitzit

Aron Kodesh

Holy Ark

Ner Tamid

Eternal Light

Torah Scroll/Sefer Torah

a handwritten copy of one of the books of the Torah; treated with great reverence

yad

a small hand-shaped pointer used when reading from the Torah; prevents direct contact to maintain scripture pages' integrity

Siddur

ordered prayers

Chumash

5 books of Moses

Why can Jews and Christians engage in shared Biblical/theological studies and fraternal dialogues?

because of their shared religious history

TaNaKh

Hebrew Bible (Scriptures)

Ta in TaNaKh -->

Torah; Hebrew for instruction

5 first books of the Bible

Where are Abrahamic tradition and the Mosaic Covenant from?

the Torah

Na in TaNaKh -->

Nevi'im; the prophetic books

Kh in TaNaKh -->

Ketuvim; the Writings

Shema

Hebrew for "hear"; Judaism's most basic theological statement

Deuteronomy 6:4-9 --> "Hear, O Israel..."

What was the first religion to pronounce one God?

Judaism --> monotheistic

What do the 613 commandments (mitzvot) serve to do in Judaism?

they serve as a wide range of ethical, ritual, and social duties

Mishnah

the Oral Torah; a compilation of Jewish oral traditions and teachings that serves as a foundational text for rabbinic literature and understanding of commandments

Talmud

commentary on the Torah and Oral Torah which is comprised of a compilation of discussions, teachings, and traditions

Midrash

rabbinic elaboration; a genre that interprets and explains Biblical texts and offers insights through spiritual exploration and conversation, often providing additional details and moral lessons from the text

basically rabbinic commentary on the Hebrew Bible

Shabbat (Sabbath)

the weekly day of rest and worship from Friday at sundown to Saturday sundown

from Genesis 1: "evening came, and morning followed"

Kosher

Jewish dietary laws; prepared and consumed in accordance with specific religious regulations

covenant

a sacred agreement or contract between God and the Jewish people, as expressed in Torah

What did God promise in the Adamic covenant? What did Adam and Eve promise?

God: eternal life in the Garden of Eden

Adam + Eve: to not eat from the tree

What is the lasting impact of the interactions surrounding the Adamic covenant?

death/mortality/suffering/toil

What religious belief/ritual/practice is established as a result of the Adamic covenant?

marriage

the huppah comes from the Garden of Eden

What did God promise in the Noahic covenant? What did Noah and his family promise?

God: he'd never send another flood

Noah + fam: to stop bloodshed and be fertile/multiply

What is the lasting sign of the interactions surrounding the Noahic covenant?

rainbows

What religious belief/ritual/practice is established as a result of the Noahic covenant?

kosher dietary laws

no unnecessary bloodshed

What did God promise in the Abrahamic covenant? What did Abraham promise?

God: Abraham would be the father of many nations

Abraham: to circumcise all males at eight days old

What is the lasting sign of the interactions surrounding the Abrahamic covenant?

Abrahamic faiths (Judaism/Christianity/Islam)

What religious belief/ritual/practice is established as a result of the Abrahamic covenant?

circumcision --> "Bris"

What did God promise in the Mosaic covenant? What did Moses promise?

God: they'd become the "Chosen People" --> kingdom of priests

Moses: to obey the 613 commandments

What is the lasting sign of the interactions surrounding the Mosaic covenant?

the Torah

What religious belief/ritual/practice is established as a result of the Mosaic covenant?

bar/bat mitzvahs

What did God promise in the Davidic covenant? What did David promise?

God: David's lineage would hold a kingship

David: to build a temple for God to dwell in

What is the lasting sign of the interactions surrounding the Davidic covenant?

the Temple

What religious belief/ritual/practice is established as a result of the Davidic covenant?

Temple worship

main branches of modern Judaism

Orthodox, Reform, Conservative

Orthodox Judaism

strict adherence to traditional Jewish law and customs; keeps the traditions of Classical Judaism

Hasidism

a tradition WITHIN Orthodox Judaism characterized by mysticism, personal prayer, charismatic leadership, and tight knit communities

lifestyle of a Hasidic Jew

strictly observe and maintain distinctive dress and customs

Conservative Judaism

seeks a balance of tradition with modernity, adapting to contemporary culture to allow for modern Jews to maintain a firm commitment to Jewish law

Reform Judaism

emphasizes the evolving nature of Jewish tradition, combining such tradition with contemporary values and beliefs

Jew

an ethnic term --> some may be religious while others may practice the cultural and ethnic aspects of Jewish life and customs

matrilineal

tracing your ancestry according to the mother's line; Judaism is matrilineal

Jewish diaspora

the situation of Jews living away from their ancestral homeland, a circumstance that has been true for most Jews since the classical period

observant

individuals who strictly adhere to religious practices and traditions

non-observant

individuals who do NOT strictly adhere to all religious practices and may not observe rituals regularly

convert

rare in Judaism; those who have adopted Judaism through a formal and arduous process of study

lunar calendar

phases of the moon determine the days of each month and sequential holidays, causing the dates of such holidays to change annually; does NOT match up with the solar calendar, which is used globally

used by Jewish

Describe the Jewish calendar.

-starts in the fall

-days are counted sundown to sunup

-weeks begin at the end of the sabbath

Rosh Hashanah

Jewish New Year that commemorates the creation of the world and judgment after the fall equinox that is observed with prayers, the blowing of the shofar, and meals

shofar

ram's horn

Yom Kippur

day of atonement that is observed with fasting, prayer, and repentance 10 days after Rosh Hashanah

Sukkot

commemorates the Israelites' wandering and survival in the desert and thanksgiving for the harvest season; celebrated by dwelling in booths and having festive meals for a week 5 days after Yom Kippur

"Festival of Tabernacles"

sukkot

temporary booths where meals are held

Hanukkah

commemorates the rededication of the 2nd Temple and the victory of the Maccabean Revolt and the miracle of light because the lamps didn't run out; celebrated by lighting the Menorah in December

Pesach (Passover)

commemorates the Exodus from Egypt, the feast of Unleavened Bread, and the Mosaic Covenant with a seder meal; two weeks into the spring

Bar/Bat Mitzvahs

commemorates the coming of age at 13; celebrated with the reading of a Torah portion at a synagogue service with blessings from friends/family

Purim

celebrates the Book of Esther's account of the Jewish people's salvation from a plot to annihilate them in ancient Persia

celebrated w/ masquerading

Amidah

the central and most important prayer in Jewish liturgy; recited standing in Jewish worship services

Kaddish

a prayer praising God rather than mourning death

Mezuzah

meaning "doorpost"; in scripture, it is to be affixed to the entrance of Jewish homes and contain the Shema

Barchu

beginning blessing in a Jewish prayer service

Aleinu

prayer for unification