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SQL
a flexible computer language that you can deploy in different ways to communicate with relational databases
Single Tier Architecture
the Client, Server, and Database all reside on the same machine
Two Tier Architecture
interface which is called ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) an API which allows the client-side program to call the DBMS. Today most of the DBMS offers ODBC drivers for their DBMS.
1.Presentation layer runs on a client (PC, Mobile, Tablet, etc)
2. Data is stored on a Server.
Three Tier Architecture
1. Presentation layer (your PC, Tablet, Mobile, etc.)
2. Application layer (server)
3. Database Server
Schema
description of a database, which is specified during database design.
Instances
The data in the database at a particular moment in time is called a database state or snapshot. It is also called the current set of occurrences or instances in the database.
Data Definition Language
used for specifying the database schema. It is used for creating tables, schema, indexes, constraints etc. in database. Lets see the operations that we can perform on database using
CREATE
ALTER
DROP
TRUNCATE
RENAME
DROP
COMMENT
Data Manipulation Language
is used for accessing and manipulating data in a database. The following operations on database
SELECT
INSERT
UPDATE
DELETE
Data Control Language
is used for granting and revoking user access on a database
Transaction Control Language
The changes in the database that we made using DML commands are either performed or rollback
Commit and Rollback