anesthetia ch 6

topical anesthetic agents

topical

applied to the body surface such as skin or mucous membrane

what are ideal properties of topical

nonallergenic

produce no tissue damage to the tissue

pain-free application

acceptable taste

remain at site of application

sufficient duration

no systemic toxicity

what is the mechanism of action for topical

only blocks the nerve endings closet to the mucosal surface where it is applied

what are some of the commercial forms of topical?

gels, ointments, sprays, creams, liquids, and lozenges

list some common OTC topical anesthetic agents

Anbesol

BiZets

Cepacol

Cholarseptic

Dentapaine

HDA toothache

Kank-A

Orabase

Orajel adult

oral-Film

red cross canker

sucrets

tanac

thorets

zilactin-B

what is the most common and widely used topical?

Benzocaine

what is the classification of Benzocaine?

ester

what are the available concentrations of Benzocaine?

most common is 20%

available from 6% to 20%

how long is the onset of action for Benzocaine?

30 seconds and peak at 2 minutes

what is the duration of Benzocaine?

5-15 minutes

What is the MRD of Benzocaine?

non MRD

how is Benzocaine metabolized and excreted?

hydrolysis in the plasma and to a lesser extent in the liver by cholinesterase

excreted through the kidneys

what are other available topicals used in dentistry?

Lidocaine

Dyclonine Hydrochloride

Tetracaine Hydrochloride

what is a result of methemoglobinemia?

decrease in the amount of oxygen carried through the bloodstream

what are signs and symptoms of methemoglobenemia?

pale, gray, or bluish skin, lips, or nailbeds

fatigue

shortness of breath

headache

lightheadedness

which topical is classified as an amide?

Lidocaine

benzocaine is available is cream, gel, spray, and patch, but not?

injectable

true or false

the more topical placed at the injection site of the needle penetration, the better?

false

which topical is generally considered safe during pregnancy?

lidocaine and prilocaine

Which of the following would be an indication for use of a topical anesthetic?

to minimize the patient’s gag reflux

true or false:

it is difficult to monitor exact doses given when using topical

true

true or false:

Concentrations available in OTC products can be as high as those administered professionally in the dental office

true

which topical anesthetics do not always require a prescription

benzocaine

what is not an ideal property of topical?

it should be allergic

which method of delivery is recommended to decrease the risk of methemoglobinemia?

metered spray with disposable nozzle

topically anesthetics generally penetrate —- into the tissue?

2-3mm

which LA agents are found in Oraqix?

prilocaine

The concentrations of topical anesthetics are greater than those of their injectable counterparts. Topical anesthetics do not contain vasoconstrictors.

both statements are true

what is an advantage od single unit-dose applications?

prevents cross-contamination

doses administered can be monitored

less messy

EMLA is approved for use on which area?

intact skin

true or false:

Pulpal anesthesia can be achieved using 2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine gel mixture.

false

which anesthetic is considered a ketone?

Dyclonine hydrochloride

if plasma concentration becomes too high in the body, the most prominent systemic effect with occur where?

respiratory system

Allergic reactions associated with topical anesthetics appear at the site. It is not necessary to review a patient's medical history before applying a topical anesthetic agent.

the first statement is true, the second is falsewha

what is a possible localized adverse reaction associated with topical?

burning or stinging