Rise of Nationalism in Europe Flashcards

These flashcards cover the key vocabulary, important figures, and significant events of European Nationalism between 1789 and 1871 as described in the lecture notes.

Le citoyen

The idea of 'the citizen' introduced during the French Revolution to promote collective identity.

La patrie

The idea of 'the fatherland' introduced to create a sense of collective identity among the French people.

Napoleonic Code / Civil Code of 1804

A set of laws that removed all privileges based on birth, abolished the feudal system, secured the right to property, and improved transport and communication.

Aristocracy

A numerically small social group that owned estates and property in the countryside and spoke French; they were united by a common way of life.

Liberalism

Derived from the Latin word meaning 'free'; for the middle class, it stood for individual freedom, equality before the law, and the abolition of state-imposed restrictions on markets.

Zollverein

A customs union that abolished tariff barriers, reduced the number of currencies to two, and promoted a network of railways.

Conservatism

A political philosophy that gained strength after 1815, believing that traditional institutions like the monarchy, church, and social hierarchies should be preserved.

Treaty of Vienna (1815)

An agreement to restore monarchies overthrown by Napoleon and create a series of states on the French boundary to prevent future expansion.

Romanticism

A cultural movement that criticized reason and science while encouraging emotions, intuition, and mystical feelings to shape nationalist sentiments.

Otto von Bismarck

The Minister who, with the help of the Prussian army and bureaucracy, took leadership for the movement of German Unification.

Kaiser William I

The King of Prussia who headed the New German Empire after the completion of the unification process.

Giuseppe Garibaldi

An Italian revolutionary who initiated a unification program for Italy and was supported by Cavour and Mazzini.

Marianne

The female allegory used in France to personify the nation.

Germania

The female allegory used to represent the German nation.

Balkans

A region of geographical and ethnic variations inhabited by Slavs and under Ottoman control, which became a major source of nationalist tension after 1871.

Frédéric Sorrieu

A French artist who, in 1848, prepared a series of four prints visualizing a world made up of 'democratic and social republics'.

Young Italy / Young Europe

Underground secret societies founded by Giuseppe Mazzini in Marseilles and Berne to promote the unification of Italy.

Treaty of Constantinople of 1832

The international agreement that recognized Greece as an independent nation.

Act of Union (1707)

An agreement between England and Scotland that resulted in the formation of the 'United Kingdom of Great Britain'.

Quadratic Expression Scribble

$K(x^2 - (\alpha+\beta)x)$, as noted in the lecture margins.

Polynomial Derivation Scribble

$3(x^2 + 7/3) = 3x^2 + 7x - 6$, a mathematical calculation present in the header of the lecture notes.