17.1-3 vocab quiz review

behavior

the way an animal interacts with other organisms and the environment

foraging

hunting for food

shoaling

existing in a pack (school of fish)

migration

seasonal movement from one location to another

ethology

the study of an animal’s behavior

ethogram

a catalog of all the different kinds of behavior observed in an animal

vertebrates

an animal that has a backbone and skeleton

viviparity

live-bearing

sexual dimorphism

internal fertilization, viviparous, and distinct phenotypes

stimulus

a type of information that has the potential to make an organism change its behavior

kinesis

an increase in random movement that lasts until a favorable environment is reached

taxis

a movement in a specific direction, either toward or away from a stimulus

circadian rhythm

the daily cycle of activity (24 hrs)

biological clock

circadian rhythm is controlled by an internal mechanism

instinct

an innate and inborn behavior

innate

animal performs behavior correctly the first time, even though the animal has never been exposed to the stimulus

releaser

innate behavior triggered by simple signal

habituation

animal’s behavioral response decreases due to repeated stimulus

imprinting

rapid and irreversible learning process that only occurs during a short time in an animal’s life

imitation

animals learn by observing other animal’s behaviors

classical conditioning

animal learns to associate stimulus with behavior that was triggered by different stimulus

operant conditioning

likelihood of specific behavior is increased by reinforcement

survivorship

the number of individuals that survive from one year to the next

territoriality

the control to a specific area/territory by one or more individuals of an animal species

optimal foraging

natural selection should favor behaviors that get animals the most, or optimal amount of, calories fore the cost