women 1800s

Gender pre 1800s

More complimentary, small and self sufficient, women produced

Enlightenment

Principles about logic, reason, rationality, science, emphasis on social political advancement, self improvement, good and bad influence on today, different via gender, class, location

Public sphere

Center of intellectual life, “republic of letters”, very gendered idea, more academies and universities, salons led by women

Enlightenment documents

Catherine the great - enlightenment influences on gov

Rousseau vs Macaulay - the woman problem

French Revolution

contradictions came to a head, political, social, cultural change, abolish legal privilege, declaration rights man/citizen, constitutional monarchy to republic

class gender french revolution

October days protest worked but caused anxiety, limited voting rights, royalty = feminine

documents 4/7

women’s flower guild, divorce, revolutionary women, women’s working conditions, masculinity in french revolution

Cercle Social

founded by Marquis de Concolet, wanted women to have more social/political rights

Olympe de Gouges

declaration of rights for women, executed during the terror

the directory

more conservative, disenfranchies women to a crazy level, and other groups of men

industrial revolution

post Napoleon, textile industry changed the most first, factories invented, working class women and children worked in factories the most, paid less, negative changes, urbanization brought pollution, disease, overcrowding

women working documents

women in rural, urban, or middle class areas all over Europe and their experiences, mostly depressing.

luddites

working class people who protested/destroyed factory machines, oppressed by British gov

labor movements

middle class and working class divided over issue, labor reform movements fought for unions and and laws about pay/working conditions

chartist movements

1838-57, emerged due to corn laws making food expensive, 1832 reform act betrayal, poor law amendment forcing people into workhouses

chartist demands

universal suffrage for men, no property qualifications to run for office, elections every year, equal representation with divisions, pay parliament, secret ballot voting

gender working documents

Clark and chartist domesticity and the confusing views, women demanding equal working and political rights

Flora Tristan

utopian socialist involved with workers rights in France and Peru, specific ideals

LGBTQ+ in 1800s

homo/hetero not widely used terms until late 1800s, mens and womens sexuality seen as different, more anxiety about men, women seen as less sexual

lesbian theories

continuum theory - no concept of lesbians in 1800s, deviant theory - lesbians excluded from society